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Basic Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group | 6 oz |
| Vegetable group | 2 ½ cups |
| Fruit group | |
| 5 ½ oz | |
| Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) | Set of nutrient-based values that can be used for both assessing and planning diets. They form the basis for daily values. |
| six classes of essential nutrients | carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. |
| Carbohydrates and proteins | 4 kcal/g |
| Fat | |
| Simple carbohydrates | Simple sugars: monosaccharides and disaccharides. Found naturally in many nutritious foods such as milk and fruit. |
| Complex carbohydrates | Polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber |
| 1). All carbohydrates except fiber are broken down in the digestive tract into | |
| If energy needs are met, carbohydrates will be stored as | glycogen |
| Trans-Fatty Acids | 1). These are unsaturated fatty acids that vary slightly in their chemical configuration from naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids. 2). They are produced during hydrogenation. |
| Cholesterol is synthesized in the c. Dietary cholesterol is | |
| Cholesterol is highest in what kind of foods? | |
| Intake of dietary cholesterol should average no more than | 300 mg daily |
| Fats must be emulsified by ____ to be digested | bile |
| high-density (HDL) | (GOOD FAT) |
| low-density (LDL) | (BAD FAT) |
| Protein is made of smaller units called | amino acids |
| There are _______ amino acids. | 22 |
| essential amino acids | 9 |
| Lactovegetarin | diet includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk and dairy products. |
| Lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet also includes | eggs |
| Kwashiorkor: | malnutrition caused by severe protein deficiency; may occur in the presence of adequate kilocalories |
| Marasmus: | |
| Fat soluble | A, D, E, and K Usually carried in the fatty portion of food Can be stored by the body |
| Water soluble | B vitamins and C |
| Antioxidant vitamins | Vitamins E and C; previtamin form of A (beta-carotene) |
| Calcium | 1000 to 1200 mg per day |
| Sodium | Less than 2400 mg per day |
| Potassium | 2000 mg per day |
| Iron | 8-15 mg per day; 30 mg per day for pregnant women |
| Most infants are not developmentally or physiologically ready to handle solid foods | before 6 months of age. |
| At 4 to 6 months of age, single-ingredient foods should be | chosen and introduced one at a time at weekly intervals. |
| Adolecence dietary inadequacies | Common dietary inadequacies include iron and calcium. |
| Soft diet is generally low in | |
| Low-residue diet is similar to the soft diet but also includes restrictions on | milk, because it leaves more residue in the colon. |
| Additional risk to health issues if waist is | 35+ women/ 40+ men |
| BMI Overweight= | 25+ |
| BMI Obesity= | |
| Dumping Syndrome | It may occur after surgery in which a portion or all of the stomach is removed, stomach contents may empty too rapidly into the jejunum; the body reacts by sending water to the intestinal tract, thus reducing blood pressure. |
| Dumping Syndrome diet therapy involves... | giving small frequent meals that are higher in protein and fat and lower in carbohydrates. |
| Lactose Intolerance | occurs as a result of a lack of the digestive enzyme lactase |
| Fat-Controlled Diets | To prevent and treat atherosclerosis, heart disease, and hyperlipidemia |
| Low-Fat Diets | All fats limited, regardless of saturation |
| Protein-Restricted Diet | a. In the presence of defects in protein metabolism or excretion, protein intake reduced or controlled; chronic renal failure and cirrhosis of the liver |
| Sodium-Restricted Diet | a. May be used to treat hypertension, water retention, edema, and congestive heart failure. 500 mg sodium per day. |
| Potassium-Modified Diets | b. Intake may be restricted with end-stage renal disease and other kidney disease; blood levels could increase to the point of causing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest. |
| Fluid-Modified Diets | a. Fluid is restricted to 500 to 750 ml per day plus an amount equal to daily urine output during end-stage renal disease. |
| hyperalimentation | Parenteral nutrition |
Created by:
eeekberry
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