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Water 6
6th Grade Science: Unit 4 - Tides & Waves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are tides? | Tides are the daily rise and fall of Earth’s waters on its coastlines |
| What are high tides? Low tides? | High tides are when the water reaches its highest point. Low tides are when the water reaches its lowest point. |
| What causes tides? | The gravitational pull from the Moon and the rotation of the Earth on its axis cause the ocean and sea water to bulge, producing the tides. |
| Why does the Moon have a greater gravitational pull than the Sun? | the Moon is closer to the Earth so it has a stronger gravitational pull (closer objects have a stronger pull) |
| As the Earth rotates, what happens to the Moon's gravitational pull? | The water on the side of Earth facing the Moon is pulled more strongly, creating a bulge As Earth rotates, different places on the surface pass through the areas of the tidal bulges and have changes in the water levels |
| Where do high tides occur? | In places where there are tidal bulges |
| Where do low tides occur? | In places between the tidal bulges |
| Does the sun's gravity also affect tides? | Yes - the sun is so large, it's gravity also effects tides Changes in positions of Earth, the moon, and sun affect the height of tides during the month |
| Describe spring tides. | Spring tides occur 2 times a month, during a full and new moon - this is when the Earth, Sun and Moon are all lined up |
| Compare spring tides to normal tides. | Spring tides are higher and lower than normal tides |
| Describe neap tides. | Neap tides occur in between spring tides, at the first and third quarters of the Moon when the Sun and Moon pull at right angles to each other. |
| Compare neap tides to normal tides. | Neap tides are not as high or low as normal tides. |
| On Saturday at the beach, the water is highest at 11:15 a.m. On Sunday, the water is highest at 11:55 a.m. Why does the tide come in later? | The moon has moved a little, so the beach is closest to the moon at a later time. |
| Why do tides occur at different times each day? | Tides occur at different times each day because the Earth rotates more quickly than the moon revolves around the Earth. |
| You arrive at the beach at 9:00 A.M. You lay a towel on the sand, and then you run 30 steps to reach the water’s edge. By 3:00 P.M., the water has almost reached your towel. What do you think happened? | The tide came in. |
| You’re on the beach at midnight. The moon is right overhead. Is the tide low or high? Why? | High tide because the moon is closest as it can be |
| What is the crest of a wave? | highest part of a wave |
| What is the trough of the wave? | the lowest part of a wave |
| Define: wave height | vertical distance from the crest to the trough |
| Define: wave length | horizontal distance between crests |
| Define: wave period | the number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time |
| Define: wave frequency | the number of wave crests passing a point each second |
| What is a wave? | the movement of energy through a body of water |
| Wave energy depends on what 3 things? | 1 - the strength of the wind 2 - Length of time it blows 3 - the distance over which the wind blows |
| As energy moves through water, what happens? | The waves move through water, but the water itself stays behind (rising and falling in place) |
| What is the name for the distance between the crest and trough of a wave? | wave height |
| What is the name for the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next? | wavelength |
| How would you describe the movement of the buoy? | Up and down in a circular path |
| How would the buoy move if it wasn’t tied to a weight? | Answer: Mostly up and down, but it might also move over the surface of the water because of the wind. |
| Name the 2 types of waves? | Deep-Water Waves Shallow-Water Waves |
| How do deep water waves become shallow water waves? | Deep-water waves become shallow-water waves when they reach depths of less than half of their wavelength |
| What causes waves to slow down? | Friction with the ocean floor causes waves to slow down in the shallow water near shore. |
| How is surf formed? | the wave height increases until the waves break, forming surf. |
| What is undertow? | As waves crash on the beach, that water moves back into the ocean under the incoming waves |
| What is a longshore current? | When waves hit the shore at an angle, they cause water to move along the shore in a current called a longshore current |
| What do longshore currents transport? | These currents transport sediments along the beach. |
| Define: swells | in deep water, waves usually travel as long, low waves. Also called wave trains. |
| Define: whitecaps | foaming waves which typically form during stormy weather. |
| What are tsunamis? | Waves formed when a large volume of ocean water is suddenly moved up or down |
| What causes tsunamis? | Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes or landslides |
| What is a storm surge? | A local rise in sea level near the shore that is caused by strong winds from a storm, such as a hurricane |
Created by:
Engle Family
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