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Biology 1
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is a type of redox metabolism carried out in the absence of oxygen | Fermentation |
| It is less efficient than aerobic respiration because it does not need oxygen (Primary advantage to organisms living in anaerobic environment) | Fermentation |
| What is the primary advantage of organisms living in anaerobic environment? | It does not need oxygen |
| Living in anaerobic environment generate energy through? | Fermentation |
| It produces less ATP (Major Disadvantage) | Fermentation |
| What is the major disadvantage of anaerobic respiration/fermentation? | It produces less ATP |
| There are two types of fermentation, what are they? | Lactic Acid Fermentation, Alcoholic Fermentation |
| Which type of fermentation produces lactic acid? | Lactic Acid Fermentation |
| Which type of fermentation is used to make dairy products such as cheese and yogurt? | Lactic Acid Fermentation |
| Which type of fermentation is used to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide? | Alcoholic Fermentation |
| Which type of fermentation is used in wine making? | Alcoholic Fermentation |
| What are the factors that can influence the flavor and aroma of the wine? | Variety, Yeast Strain, Climate and Soil Conditions |
| It is a microorganism that is primarily responsible for wine fermentation | Saccharomyces Cerevisiae |
| It is the primary sugar of the grapes that is being fermented | Glucose and frustose |
| It is the process of removing dead yeast cells and other solids from wine | Filtering |
| Why is temperature important during wine making? | To prevent Spoilage To maintain optimal yeast activity to influence flavour profile |
| What are the ways of preventing unwanted microbial growth in wine making? | Add sulphites add sterile equipment Maintain low ph |
| What undergoes both fermentation and aerobic respiration but it switches to fermentation when the O2 level is low | YEAST CELLS |
| What are the advantages of fermentation in food production? | Preservation Increase nutritional value Aids flavor to food In order to produce biofuel during fermentation (it will be converted to ethanol) |
| It is the molecular process that breaks down glucose, produces waste products and energy is called | cellular respiration |
| Breaking down of food molecules to produce energy | Cellular respiration |
| What are the primary reactants in cellular respiration? | Glucose and Oxygen |
| What are the primary products in cellular respiration? | Carbon Dioxide and Water |
| C6H12O6 (Glucose) + 6O2 (Oxygen) --> 6CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) + ATP (Energy) This is the Chemical Equation for? | Cellular Respiration |
| There are two kinds of respiration, what are they? | Aerobic and Anaerobic |
| It is a cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration, oxygen is present | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration Its reactants are oxygen and glucose | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration 36-38 ATP produces | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration is needs long term energy | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration happens in the cytoplasm and mitochondria | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration is present in almost all cells | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration has processes called glycolysis, Krebs cycle, etc. | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration combustion is complete | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration is a slow process (major disadvantage) | Aerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration through which cells can break down sugars to generate energy in the absence of oxygen | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration oxygen is absent | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration where the reactant is only glucose | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration where the products are alcohol, lactic acid, and other waste product depending on the kind of cell active | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration short term energy need | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration happens in the cytoplasm only | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration is present in muscle and blood cells | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration only has glycolysis | Anaerobic Respiration |
| This type of Cellular Respiration combustion is incomplete | Anaerobic Respiration |
| BLANK act as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration as well as in ETC | OXYGEN |
| If a muscle is undergoing intense exercise, what will it do to produce more ATP since there is not oxygen? | Lactic Acid Fermentation |
| There are four stages of cellular respiration, what are they? | Glycolysis, pyruvate Oxidation (optional, but essential), Krebs cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transfer Chain) |
| in BLANK, glucose, a six carbon sugar, undergoes a series of chemical transformations. IN the end it gets converted into two molecules of pyruvate, a three carbon organic molecule. IN these reactions, ATP is made, and NAD+ is converted to NADH | Glycolysis |
| NET ATP produced in Glycolysis is? | 2 ATP |
| It is responsible for the build-up of lactic acid in the muscle during an intense exercise which causes burning sensation of the muscles | Glycolysis |
| BLANK is an enzyme that help generate glucose in the liver | GLUCOKINASE |
| A person with mutation in the gene encoding for hexokinase will have difficulty processing glucose | Glycolysis |
| In glycolysis, what is the enzyme used to turn glucose into glocuse 6-phosphate? | Hexokinase |
| In glycolysis, what are byproducts of hexokinase? | ATP turns into ADP |
| In glycolysis, what is the enzyme used to turn glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate? | Phosphoglucoisomrase |
| In glycolysis, fructose 6-phosphate is turned into fructose 1,6-biphosphate by which enzyme? | Phosphofructokinase |
| In glycolysis, phosphofructokinase has byproducts that are? | ATP turns into ADP |
| In glycolysis, fructose 1,6-biphosphate it turned into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and dehydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by which enzyme? | Aldolase |
| In glycolysis, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is turned into 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate by which enzymes? | Isomerase and Triose Phosphate dehydrogenase |
| In glycolysis, Isomerase and triose phosphate have which byproducts? | 2NAD+ turned to 2NADH + 2H+ |
| In glycolysis, 1,3-biphosphoglycerate uses the enzyme BLANK to turn into 3-phosphoglycerate | Phosphoglycerokinase |
| In glycolysis, what is the byproducts of phosphoglycerokinase? | 2 ADP turned to 2 ATP |
| In glycolysis, which enzyme turns 3-phosphoglycerate into 2=phosphoglycerate? | phosphoglyceromutase |
| In glycolysis, which enzyme turns 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)? | Enolase |
| In glycolysis, what is the byproduct of enolase? | 2 H2O |
| In glycolysis, what turns phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate? | Pyruvate Kinase |
| In glycolysis, what is the byproducts of pyruvate? | It turns 2 ADP into 2 ATP |
| In Pyruvate Oxidation, each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the BLANK, the innermost compartment of the mitochondria. | Mitochondrial matrix |
| In the Mitochondrial matrix, the pyruvate is converted into a BLANK bound to coenzyme A, known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released and NADH is generated | two-carbon molecule |
| Muscle weakness and fatigue are symptoms caused by impaired BLANK | pyruvate oxidation |
| The acetyl CoA made in the last step combines with a four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions ultimately regenerating the four carbon starting molecule. ATP, NADH and FADH2 are produced and carbon dioxide is released. which stage? | Kreb's Cycle |
| What is the product of Kreb's Cycle? | 1 ATP (GTP) 3 NADH 1 FADH 2 CO2 |
| The NADH and FADH2 made in other steps deposit their electrons in the BLANK , turning back into their “ empty” forms (NAD+ and FAD) | Electron Transfer CHain (Oxidative Phosphorylation) |
| NADH donates electrons both in BLANK and BLANK | Fermentation and aerobic |
| The primary function of Electron Tranfer chain is? | GENERATE ATP |
| What is the final electron acceptor ? | Oxygen |
| Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and it forms BLANK by accepting electrons | H2O |
| The BLANK is the type of gradient created by ETC across the mitochondrial Membrain | Electrochemical Gradient |
| It occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria | Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| What is the effect of collapse proton on ATP synthesis? | The decrease of production of ATP |
Created by:
annebelle
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