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Anatomy Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endocrine System | The system responsible for regulating body processes through hormones. |
| Digestive System | System that processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste. |
| Integumentary System | Includes skin, hair, nails, and glands; protects the body and regulates temperature. |
| Nervous System | The system that coordinates body activities via electrical impulses and neurotransmitters. |
| Skeletal System | Provides structure to the body, protects organs, and allows movement. |
| Cellular Level | Basic unit of life |
| Tissue Level | Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function. |
| Organ Level | structures composed of two or more different tissues working together. |
| Organ System Level | Organs that work together to perform complex functions. |
| Organismal Level | The complete living organism, made up of organ systems. |
| Superior | Refers to a position above or higher than another part of the body. |
| Inferior | Refers to a position below or lower than another part of the body. |
| Medial | Towards the midline of the body. |
| Lateral | Away from the midline of the body. |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment to the body. |
| Distal | Farther from the point of attachment to the body. |
| Epithelial Tissue | Tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities. |
| Connective Tissue | Tissue that supports and binds other tissues; includes bone, blood, and adipose tissue. |
| Muscle Tissue | Tissue responsible for movement; includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. |
| Nervous Tissue | Tissue that carries electrical signals throughout the body. |
| Cardiac Muscle | Involuntary muscle found only in the heart. |
| Smooth Muscle | Involuntary muscle found in walls of hollow organs. |
| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary muscle attached to bones for movement. |
| Apocrine Glands | Sweat glands that are located in the armpits and genital areas. |
| Eccrine Glands | Sweat glands found all over the body, important for temperature regulation. |
| Sebaceous Glands | Glands that secrete oil to lubricate the skin and hair. |
| Ceruminous Glands | Modified sweat glands that secrete earwax. |
| Osteons | Structural units of compact bone. |
| Axial Skeleton | Includes the skull, spine, and rib cage. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Includes the limbs and girdles. |
| Long Bones | Bones that are longer than they are wide (e.g., femur). |
| Irregular Bones | Bones that do not fit into the standard categories (e.g., vertebrae). |
| Epiphysis | The ends of a long bone. |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of a long bone. |
| Metaphysis | The area between the epiphysis and diaphysis, containing the growth plate. |
| Compact Bone | Dense bone tissue forming the outer layer of bones. |
| Spongy Bone | Lighter, less dense bone tissue found inside bones. |
| Adduction | Movement of a limb toward the body’s midline. |
| Abduction | Movement of a limb away from the body’s midline. |
| Flexion | Decreasing the angle between two body parts. |
| Extension | Increasing the angle between two body parts. |
| Diarthroses | Freely movable joints. |
| Amphiarthroses | Joints with slight movement. |
| Synarthroses | Immovable joints. |
| Neuron | A nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses. |
| Neuroglia | Supporting cells in the nervous system that do not carry nerve impulses. |
| Dendrite | Branch-like extensions of a neuron that receive impulses. |
| Axon | The long, threadlike part of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body. |
| Synapse | The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released. |
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions. |
| Cerebellum | The part of the brain that controls balance and coordination. |
| Hypothalamus | A brain region that regulates homeostasis, such as temperature and hunger. |
| Thalamus | A brain structure that relays sensory and motor signals to the cortex. |
| Medulla Oblongata | Part of the brainstem involved in autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate. |
| Sensory Neurons | Nerve cells that carry sensory information to the central nervous system. |
| Motor Neurons | Nerve cells that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. |
| Interneurons | Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system. |
| Afferent Nerves | Nerves that carry sensory information toward the central nervous system. |
| Efferent Nerves | Nerves that carry motor information away from the central nervous system. |
| Myelin Sheath | A fatty layer that surrounds axons and speeds up nerve impulse transmission. |
| Frontal Lobe | Responsible for reasoning, planning, and problem-solving. |
| Parietal Lobe | Processes sensory information such as touch and temperature. |
| Occipital Lobe | Primarily responsible for vision. |
| Temporal Lobe | Involved in processing auditory information and memory. |
| Brainstem | Controls basic life functions such as heartbeat and breathing. |
| Limbic System | A group of structures involved in emotion, memory, and arousal. |
| Osteoblasts | Cells that form new bone. |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue. |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that break down bone tissue for remodeling. |
| Foramen | A hole or opening in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass. |
| Condyle | A rounded protrusion at the end of some bones, often part of a joint. |
| Fossa | A shallow depression in a bone. |
Created by:
brookebiery
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