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Bio Exam Unit 4
ch 6-8 reproduction and genes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tightly coiled DNA that is seen during cell division is called | Chromosome |
| An organism’s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited | Genes |
| Sperm & egg cells EACH have ______ chromosomes. | 23 |
| A diploid cell has __________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell. | Twice |
| Human somatic cells (diploid cells) have _________ chromosomes. | 46 |
| Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes in diploid organism? a. They are the same length b. Each copy of the homologous pair of chromosomes come from a different parent c. They have genes in the same location d. All the above | All of the above |
| The position/location of a gene on a chromosome is called _________ | Locus |
| DNA is replicated during which phase of the cell cycle? | S phase |
| Chromosomes become visible during which phase of mitosis? | Prophase |
| Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Anaphase |
| Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis? 1 Sister chromatids pulled apart 2 Chromosomes line up in middle 3 envelope breaksdown 4 microtubules attach to kinetochores 5 Chromosome decondense envelope surrounds chromosomes | 3, 4, 2, 1, 5 |
| Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis? b. A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells c. A cell plate forms in plant cells d. A ring of actin filaments is used to divide a plant cell | A ring of actin filaments is used to divide a plant cell |
| A cell in this phase is NOT actively preparing to divide. | G0 |
| What is the most important thing to check for a cell to pass the G2 checkpoint? | Proper DNA replication (not damaged) |
| ____________ are changes in a DNA segment that codes for a specific protein. | Gene mutations |
| A tumor that is cancerous, not within a capsule, and may invade surrounding tissues/organs is called __________. | Malignant |
| _____________ cause a cell to become cancerous. | Oncogenes |
| Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission? | Mitosis |
| A(n) __________ will eventually form & divide a prokaryotic cell. | Septum |
| Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division? | Both duplicate the genomic DNA |
| Which event leads to a diploid cell? | Fertilization |
| What are the 2 sources of genetic variation in meiosis? | Crossing over & independent assortment |
| What is the purpose of meiosis? a. To make 2 identical diploid cells b. To make sperm and egg cells c. To make haploid cells | B and C |
| _______________ is an exchange of equivalent genes between non-sister homologous chromatids. | Crossing over |
| Crossing over occurs in ________, whereas, independent assortment occurs in ______. | Prophase I; metaphase I |
| At which stage of meiosis are homologous chromosomes pulled apart? | Anaphase I |
| At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other? | Anaphase II |
| The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is _____________ | Meiosis II |
| Which of the following makes meiosis different from mitosis? | Meiosis creates 4 haploid cells |
| A ______________ shows the number and appearance of homologous chromosomes. | Karyotype |
| occurs when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, possibly causing duplications, deletions, or a change in the # of chromosome sets | Nondisjunction |
| means an error in chromosome number. | Aneuploid |
| Trisomy 21 is also called __________ syndrome and has ______ copies of chromosome 21. | Down; 3 |
| A normal female has _____, whereas, a normal male has ______ as their sex chromosomes. | XX; XY |
| The genotype XO corresponds to: | Turner syndrome |
| The genotype XXY corresponds to ___________, which is male with small testes, enlarged breasts, and decrease in body hair. | Klinefelter syndrome |
| _____________ is a deletion of chromosome 11 in which the person has distinctive facial features, heart & bleeding defects. | Jacobsen syndrome |
| ___________ occurs when a chromosome detaches, rotates 180o, and reinserts. | Inversion |
| ____________ occurs when a segment of DNA breaks from 1 chromosome & reattaches to another chromosome or to a different part of the same chromosome. | Translocation |
| Each version/form of a gene is called: | allele |
| The observable/physical trait expressed by an organism is described as its ___________. | Phenotype |
| A ______________ allele is indicated by a capital letter. It “masks” the expression of another allele. | Dominant |
| A ______________ allele is indicated by a lowercase letter. Its expression is “masked” by another allele. | Recessive |
| A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ______________ for that trait. | Homozygous |
| A person with 2 different alleles of a gene is called ____________ for a trait. | Heterozygous |
| What traits would you expect to observe in the F1 offspring if you cross true-breeding (homozygous) parents with yellow and green seeds? Yellow seed (Y) color is dominant over green (y). | Only yellow seeds |
| cross between a tall (T) pea plant (heterozygous) and a tall pea plant (heterozygous). What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring? | 1TT; 2Tt; 1tt |
| Based on the Punnett square from the previous question, what is the phenotypic ratio? Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). | 3 tall: 1 short |
| What explains why all the F1 heterozygous offspring (Yy) were identical in appearance to one of the parents (parents were YY & yy)? | The law of dominance |
| In pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r). You do a test cross between a pea plant with wrinkled peas (genotype rr) and a plant of unknown genotype that has round peas. offspring are all Rr | Homozygous dominant |
| What are the types of gametes that can be produced by an individual with the genotype AaBb? | AB, Ab, aB, ab |
| If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be an example of? | Incomplete dominance |
| There are 3 different alleles for blood type (IA, IB, & i). Both A and B are both dominant to the allele (i) for blood type O. Therefore, ABO blood types are examples of: | Multiple alleles and codominance |
| Could an individual with blood type O (genotype ii) be a child of parents in which 1 parent had blood type A & the other parent had blood type B? | Yes, 1 parent would have to be IAi and another would have to be IBi |
| Males only have 1 X chromosome. This is called: | Hemizygous |
| What ratio of offspring would result from a cross between a white-eyed male (XwY) and a female that’s heterozygous for red eye color (XWXw)? XW is dominant over Xw. | ½ female & males with red eyes; ½ female and males with white eyes |
| Hemophilia, color-blindness, and muscular dystrophy were all examples of: | X-linked traits |
| A female who is heterozygous for color-blindness is a _________ and may not exhibit any phenotypic effects. | Carrier |
| Eye color, skin color, and height are all examples of: | Polygenic inheritance |
Created by:
mahak
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