click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Scientific Method
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biology | The study of living things. |
| Scientific Method | A process of investigation in which problems are identified and their suggested explanations are tested by carrying out experiments. |
| Step 1 | Observation. |
| Step 2 | Hypothesis. |
| Hypothesis | An educated guess based on observations. |
| Purpose Of A Hypothesis | It gives a starting point to base the experiment on. |
| Step 3 | Experimentation. |
| Experimentation | Tests the hypothesis. |
| Step 4 | Collection and observation of data. |
| Data | Measurements, observations and information gathered from experiments. |
| Step 5 | Conclusion. |
| Step 6 | Reporting and publishing the results. |
| Where Can Results Be Published? | Scientific journals, such as "Nature". |
| What Is The Purpose Of Scientists Publishing Their Results? | Others can learn from it, peer review. |
| Theory | A hypothesis that has been supported by many different experiments. |
| Principle | A principle, or law, arises from a theory that has been shown to be valid and fully tested over a long period of time. |
| Principles of Experimentation | Careful planning and design, safe experiment, controlled experiment, fairness. |
| Careful Planning & Design | A variable is a factor that may change in an experiment. In most experiments, there is only one variable. Other factors must remain constant. |
| Controlled Experiment | A control is used to provide a comparison against which the actual experiment can be judged. |
| Fairness | Sample size, random selection, can be replicated, double-blind testing. |
| Sample Size | As large a sample size as possible is tested. |
| Why Must You Use A Large Sample Size? | To ensure individual differences do not matter. |
| Random Selection | Reduces bias. |
| Can Be Replicated | A replicate is an exact repeat of an experiment. |
| Why Is It Important To Repeat The Experiment? | To ensure results weren't a once-off and are reliable. |
| Double-Blind Testing | Neither the person being tested nor the tester should know who is receiving the placebo. |
| Why Is Double-Blind Testing Important? | Reduces bias. |
| Limitations Of The Scientific Method | The extent of our knowledge, the basis of investigation, interpreting the results in a proper manner, changes in the natural world, accidental discoveries. |