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Scientific Method

TermDefinition
Biology The study of living things.
Scientific Method A process of investigation in which problems are identified and their suggested explanations are tested by carrying out experiments.
Step 1 Observation.
Step 2 Hypothesis.
Hypothesis An educated guess based on observations.
Purpose Of A Hypothesis It gives a starting point to base the experiment on.
Step 3 Experimentation.
Experimentation Tests the hypothesis.
Step 4 Collection and observation of data.
Data Measurements, observations and information gathered from experiments.
Step 5 Conclusion.
Step 6 Reporting and publishing the results.
Where Can Results Be Published? Scientific journals, such as "Nature".
What Is The Purpose Of Scientists Publishing Their Results? Others can learn from it, peer review.
Theory A hypothesis that has been supported by many different experiments.
Principle A principle, or law, arises from a theory that has been shown to be valid and fully tested over a long period of time.
Principles of Experimentation Careful planning and design, safe experiment, controlled experiment, fairness.
Careful Planning & Design A variable is a factor that may change in an experiment. In most experiments, there is only one variable. Other factors must remain constant.
Controlled Experiment A control is used to provide a comparison against which the actual experiment can be judged.
Fairness Sample size, random selection, can be replicated, double-blind testing.
Sample Size As large a sample size as possible is tested.
Why Must You Use A Large Sample Size? To ensure individual differences do not matter.
Random Selection Reduces bias.
Can Be Replicated A replicate is an exact repeat of an experiment.
Why Is It Important To Repeat The Experiment? To ensure results weren't a once-off and are reliable.
Double-Blind Testing Neither the person being tested nor the tester should know who is receiving the placebo.
Why Is Double-Blind Testing Important? Reduces bias.
Limitations Of The Scientific Method The extent of our knowledge, the basis of investigation, interpreting the results in a proper manner, changes in the natural world, accidental discoveries.
Created by: maireadstapleton
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