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Ch. 5 Biology

DefinitionTerm
The "father" of genetics. Gregor Mendel
The study of hereditary. Genetics
Gregor Mendel studied these plants, and why. Pea plants, they were easy to observe.
These are the names of generations. Parent generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation.
A dominant allele is represented by this. Capital letter
A recessive allele is represented by this. Lowercase letter
This is what a homozygous allele can look like. RR, rr
This is what a heterozygous allele can look like. Rr
This is what a genotype is. The genetic makeup, or the allele (Rr).
This is what the phenotype is. The physical makeup.
Random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes. Mendel's law of independent assortment
Two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis. Mendel's law of segregation
Total DNA in an organism. Genome
Strands coil up to make chromosomes, the blueprint for life. DNA
DNA containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to the next. Chromosome
Humans have this many pairs of chromosomes. 23
Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait or protein. Gene
DNA is made up of _______ (sugar, phosphate, and base). Nucleotides
State each DNA base pairs that pair together [adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)]. A + T, C + G
RNA contains sugar ribose, RNA is single stranded, DNA is double, and RNA has uracil parts with adenine in base pairs,replaces thymine. Differences between RNA & DNA
3 base code in DNA or RNA (AUG, GAC, CAA, etc.). Codons
Pair up with their complementary codons, and come in translation. Anticodons
A gene is copied, an mRNA molecule is created, then mRNA carries intructions to cytoplasm to create proteins. First step of central dogma, called transcription
The second step of central dogma, with 4 steps. Translation
Process where proteins build cells, requires RNA. Protein synthesis
Created by: ClayU36
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