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Science
Water Cycle, Weather, and Other
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Currents that are moving Earth's air and water to move heat in the globe | Convection |
| What occurs in bands across the globe | Global Winds |
| What wind blows locally in a region | Local Wind |
| During the day, air moves from sea to land because the land is warmer. What is that called? | Sea Breeze |
| At night, air moves from sea to land because the ocean is warmer. What is that called? | Land Breeze |
| A tool used to measure wind speed (in miles per hour) | Anemometer |
| A tool used to measure wind direction (North, East, South, West). | Wind Vane |
| A tool used to measure humidity (amount of water vapor in the air). | Phychrometer/Hygrometer |
| A tool used to measure air pressure | Barometer |
| A tool used to measure temperature | Thermometer |
| A layer of gases that surround earth that protect us from harmful solar radiation and regulate earth's temperature. | Atmosphere |
| What percent of gases is Nitrogen? | 78% |
| What Percent of gases is Oxygen? | 21% |
| What Percent of gases is trace gases | 1% |
| Gravity pulls molecules towards Earth. This weight pushing down on earth is called | air pressure |
| The height of an object off the ground. | Altitude |
| The sun provides most of the energy that drives most of Earth’s processes, called ____________? | solar energy |
| Water moving throughout the atmosphere in a continuous cycle. | Water Cycle |
| Steps in the Water Cycle: | Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff |
| Molecules of liquid water in oceans, rivers, and other bodies of water are heated by the sun and turn into a gas called water vapor. | Evaporation |
| Water vapor (gas) turns into liquid water because it has cooled down. When condensation occurs, the liquid water droplets rest on tiny dust particles in the air, which forms clouds. | Condensation |
| Water vapor condensing at ground level. | Fog |
| Water condensing on a solid surface (grass, window). | Dew |
| As the water droplets grow larger and get heavier in the cloud, gravity will cause them to fall. | Precipitation |
| tool that measures the amount of precipitation in an area. | Rain gauge |
| Water moves back towards sea level because of gravity. | Runoff |
| Imaginary lines on a map that run parallel to the Equator. The equator is at 0° latitude. Earth is divided into zones based on their climate. | Latitude Lines |
| From 0° to 30° N/S. This region is hot. | Tropical Zone |
| From 30° to 60° N/S. This region is mild/average. *THIS IS WHERE WE LIVE* | Temperate Zone |
| From 60° to 90° N/S. This region is cold. | Polar Zone |
| A large body of air that has the same temperature and moisture level. Characteristics of an air mass depend on the temperature and moisture content of the region the air mass formed over. Air masses are moved by global winds and jet streams. | Air Mass |
| Fast moving bands of air in Earth’s atmosphere that blows from West to East. *This is why weather moves from West to East in the United States.* | Jet Streams |
| Maritime (water): | Humid |
| Continental (land): | Dry |
| Polar (poles): | Cold |
| Tropical (Equator): | Hot |
| Maritime Tropical: | Humid, Hot |
| Continental Tropical: | dry, hot |
| Maritime Polar: | humid, cold |
| Continental Polar: | dry, cold |
| When two air masses meet at a frontal boundary. The air masses do not mix because they have different densities. | Air Fronts |
| A cold air mass is moving faster and collides into a warm air mass, pushing the warm air up. Colder temperatures, SEVERE WEATHER: thunderstorms, tornadoes | Cold Front |
| A warm air mass is moving faster and moves over the denser cold air mass. Warmer temperatures, long periods of precipitation | Warm Front |
| A warm air mass is caught between two cold air masses and is pushed up. Colder temperatures, long periods of precipitation. | Occluded Front |
| When a cold and warm air mass meet, but neither are strong enough to move. “STUCK” long periods of precipitation | Stationary Front |
| A ___________________is a physical scientist who observes, studies, or forecasts the weather. | Meteorologist |
| A____________ carries instruments for collecting data high into the sky | Weather Balloons |
| _____________ gather real time data and send it to weather stations. | Weather Stations |
| Process data quickly to make predictions. | Computer Forecasts |
| ____________ collect data and images of Earth below. | Weather Satellites |
| A model that shows weather conditions at a particular time over a large area. | Weather Map |
| A violent disturbance in the atmosphere with sudden changes in air pressure and precipitation. | Storm |
| A weather event that involves precipitation like snow, sleet, or freezing rain, along with strong winds and freezing temperatures | Winter Storm |
| A storm with thunder and lightning and typically also heavy rain or hail. | Thunderstorm |
| A storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean. | Hurricane |
| The calm center of a hurricane | Eye |
| An abnormal rise of water generated by a storm. | Storm Surge |
| A violently rotating column of air touching the ground, usually attached to the base of a thunderstorm. | Tornado |
| A common place for tornadoes to form because of warm and cold air masses meeting. | Tornado Alley |
| Conditions are right for producing a tornado. | Tornado Watch |
| Severe weather is approaching and people should take shelter. | Tornado Warning |
| Overflowing of water in a normally dry area from excessive rainfall, melting snow, etc. Dams and levees are used to control flooding near rivers. | Floods |
| a barrier that can redirect the flow of the river or store floodwaters so they can be released slowly. | Dam |
| An embankment built along a river to prevent flooding land. | Levee |
| A long period with little or no rainfall. Long term droughts can lead to crop failures and wildfires from excessive heat. Reservoirs help to hold water to mitigate (lessen) the damages of a drought. | Drought |
| A mass movement of soil and rock down a slope due to gravity. | Mass Wasting |
| Water saturated soil or sediment loses strength and behaves like a liquid. This can lead to slope failures (mass movements). | Liquefaction |
| Outpouring of lava during an eruption. | Lava flow |
| A destructive mud flow of water and volcanic ash that can flow down the slopes of a volcano. (volcanic mudslide) | Lahar |
| A fast moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter. | Pyroclastic Flow |
| A pile of volcanic ash that is a major volcanic hazard that remains in the atmosphere for years and contaminates everything. | Ash fall |
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