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BiologySOL-Elliott
BiologySOL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The act of noticing or describing events or processes in a careful orderly way | OBSERVATIONS |
| What is stated as an "If.....then" statement | HYPOTHESIS |
| A logical interpretation based on what scientist already know | INFERENCE |
| Factors that can change throughout an experiment | VARIABLES |
| Numbers obtained by counting or measuring (QUANITY) | QUANTITATIVE DATA |
| Descriptive and involve character (QUALITY) | QUALITATIVE DATA |
| This is located on the Y axis, responds to change | DEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| This is loacted on the X axis, manipulated to cause change | INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus | PROKARYOTES |
| Who used a microscope to look at a nonliving thin slice of cork | ROBERT HOOKE |
| Who concluded that all plants are made of cells | MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN |
| Who stated that animals are made of cells | THEODOR SCHWANN |
| Who stated that new cells can be produced only from pre-existing cells | RUDOLF VIRCHOW |
| An attraction between molecules of the same substance | COHESION |
| A process by which plants bring water and nutrients from their roots up to their stem and leaves | CAPILLARY ACTION |
| This type of bond holds hyrdrogen and oxygen in water molecules together | HYDROGEN BOND |
| Ice is ____________ dense than water | LESS |
| PH less than 7 | ACID |
| PH greater than 7 | BASE |
| PH equal to 7 | NEUTRAL |
| These are the "building blocks" of proteins | AMINO ACIDS |
| What lowers the activation energy or the energy needed for a reaction to take place | ENZYMES |
| Ribosomes make | PROTEINS |
| When water leaves the cell, but enters the solution | HYPERTONIC |
| When water enters the cell, but leaves the solution | HYPOTONIC |
| What are the reactants of Photosynthesis | CARBON DIOXIDE, SUNLIGHT, WATER |
| What are the products of Photosynthesis | GLUCOSE, OXYGEN |
| What are the reactants of Cellular Respiration | GLUCOSE, OXYGEN |
| What are the products of Cellular Respiration | CARBON DIOXIDE, SUNLIGHT, WATER |
| What is Chargaff's Rule | A=T C=G |
| Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to capture the first photograph of DNA? | ROSALIND FRANKLIN |
| What defines the shape of a DNA molecule | DOUBLE HELIX |
| The two strands of DNA run _______________________ to each other | ANTIPARALLEL |
| A sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases on mRNA that code for an amino acid | CODON |
| How many nitrogenous bases make up a codon or anticodon | 3 |
| Which of the following is the start codon | AUG |
| Which scientists injected radioactive isotopes into a bacteriophage's DNA or protein coat to determine DNA was the genetic material found in genes | HERSHEY AND CHASE |
| This viral reproduction cycle reproduces new viruses quickly however, the host cell is immediately killed | LYTIC CYCLE |
| This viral reproduction cycle produces many more viruses as the viral genome is passed onto future generations of host cells | LYSOGENIC CYCLE |
| What is another name for a protein coat which serves as a protective coat for the genetic material in viruses | CAPSID |
| What are somatic cells | BODY CELLS |
| What are gametes | SEX CELLS |
| Powerhouse of the cell | MITOCHONDRIA |
| What makes proteins | RIBOSOMES |
| Jellylike structure that holds everything together | CYTOPLASM |
| Controls what goes in and out of a cell | CELL MEMBRANE |
| Control center | NUCLEUS |
| Sorts and packages | GOLGI APPARATUS |
| Makes and transports lipids | SMOOTH ER |
| Transports proteins | ROUGH ER |
| What digest old organelles | LYSOSOMES |
| What is a Phospholipid Bilayer | CELL MEMBRANE |
| What is water-loving | HYDROPHILIC |
| What is water-hating | HYDROPHOBIC |
| No energy is required | PASSIVE TRANSPORT |
| Energy (ATP) is required | ACTIVE TRANSPORT |
| What is used to make energy and occurs in the mitochondria | CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
| How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have | 23 |
| Who built the 3-D model of DNA | WATSON & CRICK |
| What unzips the double stranded DNA forming a DNA replication fork | DNA HELICASE |
| The genetic makeup for a trait or allele (represented by lettters) | GENOTYPE |
| The physical characteristics that are a result if the genotype and environmental factora | PHENOTYPE |
| A trait that presents itself in the phenotype of the offspring if one or more parents passed it down (CAPITAL LETTERS) | DOMINANT |
| A trait that presents itself in the phentype of the offspring only when both parents passed it down (LOWERCASE LETTERS) | RECESSIVE |
| Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene | HOMOZYGOUS |
| Organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene | HETEROZYGOUS |
| Cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another | INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE |
| Organisms that self-pollinate | TRUE BREEDING |
| Offspring of crosses between two different parents | HYBRIDS |
| One copy of each chromosome | HAPLOID |
| Two copies of each chromosome | DIPLOID |
| What is a process of programmed cell death | APOPTOSIS |
| What is a disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control cellular growth | CANCER |
| The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration | DIFFUSION |
| What is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of greater water concentration to an area of lesser water concentration | OSMOSIS |
| What is a uniform mixture of two or more substances | SOLUTION |
| The substance that dissolves the other substance in a solution and is present in the greater amount | SOLVENT |
| The substance that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount | SOLUTE |
| H+ions are called | HYDROGEN IONS |
| OH-ions are called | HYDROXIDE IONS |
| What is the relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain | HOMEOSTASIS |
| Condensed chromatin fibers packed tightly together with protein molecules and are found in every cell that makes up an organism | CHROMOSOMES |
| What phase is when the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, Nucleolus disappears, and the spindle fibers begin to form | PROPHASE |
| What phase is when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers run through the centromere of each chromosome | METAPHASE |
| What phase is when the spindle fibers pull apart and go to opposite ends of the cell | ANAPHASE |
| What phase is when chromosomes decondense back into chromatin, nuclear envelope reappears, Nucleolus reforms and the spindle fibers begin to break down | TELEPHASE |
| Causes a mutation/change in only 1 gene on a chromosome | GENE MUTATION |
| Causes a mutation/change in the entire chromosome | CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION |
| When one base is used in place of another and usually only affects one nucleotide | SUBSTITUTION |
| When one or more bases are added to the DNA sequence and can cause a frameshift mutation | INSERTION |
| When one or more DNA bases are removed from the genetic code | DELETION |
| XX is what Karyotype | FEMALES |
| XY is what Karyotype | MALE |
| What is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell | ANEUPLOIDY |
| What genetic condition is caused by have 3 chromosome 21's | TRISOMY 21 (DOWN SYNDROME) |
| Who did the experiment with the mouse with certain types of bacteria produces Pneumonia (S Strain R Strain) | FREDERIC GRIFFITH |
| Who did the experiment that which molecule in the heat-killed bacteria was most important for transformation | OSWALD AVERY |
| What is made up of Nucleic Acid and Capsid and are NON-LIVING | VIRUSES |
| What involves taking advantage of naturally occurring genetic variation and breeding organisms in a way that passes down wanted traits to the next generation | SELECTIVE BREEDING |
| What is the process if crossing two dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms | HYBRIDIZATION |
| What is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics | INBREEDING |
| Who studied different species in the Galapagos and developed that organisms evolved over long periods of time through common ancestors | CHARLES DARWIN |
| What is a process by which organisms with traits well suited to an environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than organisms less suited to that environment | NATURAL SELECTION |
| Change over time | EVOLUTION |
| What is the process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in a new species | DIVERGENT EVOLUTION |
| What is the process whereby organisms not closely related, evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches | CONVERGENT EVOLUTION |
| What determines which of the two fossils is older or younger than the other, but not their age in years and is based on the position of the fossils in rock layers | RELATIVE DATING |
| What determines how long ago a fossilized organism lived by determining the amount of radioactive isotopes in the sample and the surronding rock | ABSOLUTE DATING |
| Structures that share a common structure but not a common function between related organisms | HOMOLOGOUS |
| Structures that share a common function but not a common structure between unrelated organisms | ANALOGOUS |
| Structures that are inherited from ancestors but have lost much or all of their function due to different selection pressures acting on the descendent | VESTIGIAL |
| What is a group of individuals of the same species that mate and produce offspring | POPULATION |
| What occurs when organisms are seperated by geographical barriers | GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION |
| What occurs when populations can evolve into two seperate species and can develop in a variety of ways. | REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION |
| What is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | FOOD CHAIN |
| Multiple food chains linked together to give the bigger picture of how many species are interacting with one another based on what they eat | FOOD WEB |
| What shows the amount of biomass that is available at each trophic level in an ecosystem | BIOMASS PYRAMID |
| Organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into food | AUTOTROPHS |
| Organisms that do not make their own food | HETEROTROPHS |
| What gets their energy from inorganic substances | CHEMOTROPHS |
| Eat ONLY plants | HERBIVORES |
| Eat ONLY meat | CARNIVORES |
| Eats BOTH plant and animals | OMNIVORES |
| What absorbs any dead material and break it down into simple nutrients | DECOMPOSERS |
| Feeds on the tissue of dead organisms | DETRITIVORES |
| Any living part of the environment | BIOTIC |
| Nonliving part of the environment | ABIOTIC |
| What shows the relative amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web | ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS |
| What shows the relationship between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs at different trophic levels | ENERGY PYRAMID |
| A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected | COMMENSALISM |
| A relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other | MUTUALISM |
| A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed | PARASITISM |
| A shallow area where saltwater and freshwater mix | ESTUARY |
| An area where land is completely saturated with water | WETLAND |
| Cold, dry, low plant growth, short summer, has OX, Caribou, Lichens, Moss | TUNDRA |
| Near the equator, rains everyday, warm, has Primates, Birds, and insects | TROPICAL RAINFOREST |
| A conifer forest, cold, dry, spruce, wolves, moose, and waterfowl | TAIGA |
| Temperate, rain all year, has Deer, Squirrels, Trees lose leaves Maple and Oak | DECIDUOUS FOREST |
| Dry, hot or cold, Cacti, has Reptiles, Insects, Mammals | DESERT |
| GRASS, some rainfall, hot or cold, Has Grazing Animals, Predators, and much food grown here | GRASSLANDS |
| Tropical grassland with trees (Africa), Has big animals, predators, | SAVANNA |
Created by:
jlelliott
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