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Unit 9 Vocab
Classification & Adaptation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| phylogenetic tree | diagram showing evolutionary relationships of organisms with a common ancestor; also called a cladogram |
| dichotomous key | a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters |
| taxonomy | The scientific study of how living things are classified |
| binomial nomenclature | A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name |
| domain | Most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom |
| kingdom | First and largest category used to classify organisms; there are 6 |
| genus and species | the two parts of a scientific name |
| heterotroph | An organism that cannot make its own food; also called a consumer |
| autotroph | An organism that makes its own food; also called a producer |
| adaptation | A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce; maintained and evolved by means of natural selection |
| structural adaptation | a physical feature of an organism's body having a specific function that contributes to the survival of the organism; nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion mechanisms, camouflage, movement |
| mimicry | morphological adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species for protection or other advantages |
| camouflage | use of coloration by an organism to blend into its environment |
| behavioral adaptation | the process by which an organism or a species changes its actions to better suit its environment; ; - suckling, taxes/taxis, migration, estivation, hibernation, habituation, imprinting, classical conditional, and trial and error learning |
| innate behavior | "built in" behavior that an animal is born with |
| suckling | the process by which a baby or small animal obtains milk from a breast |
| migration | relatively long-distance movement of individuals, usually on a seasonal basis |
| hibernation | period of dormancy and slowed metabolism in cold weather |
| estivation | period of dormancy and slowed metabolism in hot weather. |
| taxes/taxis | a reflex movement towards (positive taxis) or away (negative taxis) from a stimulus. |
| learned behavior | result of an animal's experiences. Has to be taught, not |
| imprinting | a form of learned behavior in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first object it has a visual, sound, or touch experience with and then follows that object |
| habituation | when an animal is exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly and eventually stops responding to that stimulus |
| classical conditioning | a subject learns to respond in a desired manner to a stimulus |
| trial and error learning | learning by making mistakes |
| reproductive adaptations | strategies used by an organism which ensure the ability to reproduce and further a species; sexual and asexual, eggs, seeds, spores, placental, types of fertilization |
| asexual reproduction | does not use much energy, no need for a mate, quick, & makes many offspring; offspring lack genetic diversity because they are identical to the parent. |
| sexual reproduction | requires more energy than asexual reproduction, organisms need to find a mate, few offspring; offspring are a genetically diverse combination of the parents. |
| internal fertilization | occurs when the male deposits his sperm directly into the female's body; produces few fertilized eggs with a high chance the offspring will survive. |
| external fertilization | occurs when the male and female gametes unite outside the female's body |
| predation | a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. |
| competition | a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place |
Created by:
MsLowery
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