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Unit 7 Vocab Biotech
Biotechnology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biotechnology | A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes. |
| gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| cloning | Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism. |
| genetic modification | Branch of biotechnology that alters the genes in biological organisms to achieve a medicinal or agricultural purpose |
| bio-remediation | the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms or other forms of life to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site. |
| agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| petri dish | a shallow dish used to culture bacteria |
| DNA | A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. |
| genetic engineering | Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms |
| bio-engineering | the field of engineering that develops technological solutions to study or solve biological problems |
| biological diversity | the presence of many different types of organisms in an ecosystem |
| crop yield | the total quantity of crop that the land produces |
| ethical standards | guides to moral behavior |
| disease resistant crops | Crops that can resist (not get sick from) diseases or pests |
| selective breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation |
| Biopharmaceuticals | Drugs produced by the process of bioengineering |
| Biofuels | Liquid fuels created from processed or refined biomass. Ex |
| DNA fingerprinting | The analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals. |
| gene therapy | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |
| Human Genome Project | project whose goal is to map, sequence, and identify all of the genes in the human genome |
| transgenic organism | Organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA from a different organism |
| recombinant DNA | DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources |
| gel electrophoresis | Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel |
| bioethics | moral guidelines used in biotechnology research that help scientists determine what is right and wrong in how we treat people, animals, and the environment. |
| genetic engineering | manipulating an organism's genetic material, either by adding, deleting, or changing specific genes |
| gene therapy | fixing or replacing faulty genes in a person's cells to treat or prevent genetic diseases. |
| CRISPR | a gene editing tool used to directly modify the DNA sequence, correcting genetic mutations; it can take out, add, or change DNA letters |
| restriction enzymes | used to "cut" a select gene that will be transported out of a DNA strand. |
| biological pharmaceuticals | medicines made by transgenic bacteria that help humans have a better quality of life (insulin, botox, human growth hormone). |
| vaccine | work by introducing a harmless form of a germ into the body in order to teach the immune system to recognize and defend against it in the future. |
| bioremediation | the process of using organisms to clean up environmental pollution |
| Biofuels | fuels taken from renewable biological resources, such as plants, algae, or organic waste materials. |
| Gel Electrophoresis | a laboratory method used to separate segments of DNA according to size. |
| DNA Fingerprint | a test to identify and evaluate the DNA of a person's cells; used to identify suspects, identify endangered species, find common ancestors, and paternity testing |
| DNA Sequencing | examines the order of nucleotides (ATCG) in order to compare DNA or identify individuals |
| stem cell | an undifferentiated cell which can become any type of specialized cell |
| Clone | a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell |
| bacterial transformation | the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the incorporation of recombinant DNA into a bacteria cell |
| Human Genome | all the genes (DNA) that make up a human |
| vector | a vehicle used to carry foreign genetic material from one cell into another cell |
| gene expression | using the information in a gene to create a functional Protein |
| genetically modified organisms | GMO; plants or animals that contain DNA from a different organism |
Created by:
MsLowery
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