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Water 4
6th Grade Science: Unit 4 - Oceans
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are Earth’s five main oceans? | Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (also called Antarctic Ocean), and Arctic Ocean |
| List the oceans in order from largest to smallest. | 1- Pacific Ocean, 2- Atlantic Ocean, 3- Indian Ocean, 4- Southern Ocean (also called Antarctic Ocean), and 5- Arctic Ocean |
| What are the chemical characteristics of ocean water? | Ocean water is primarily characterized by its high salinity, (a large concentration of dissolved salts) -- it also contains chemicals, such as magnesium, sulfate, calcium, and potassium, as well as dissolved gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide |
| What are the physical characteristics of ocean water? | salinity (dissolved salt content), density (higher than fresh water due to salt), temperature variations depending on depth and location, high heat capacity, lower freezing point compared to fresh water, and the ability to absorb light and sound depending on depth, all of which are influenced by the dissolved salts and other substances present in the water. |
| What is salinity? | the amount of dissolved salt in water |
| On average, how much dissolved salts are in seawater? | 3.5% (about 35 parts per thousand) |
| Where does our ocean get its salt from? Name two sources. | 1- the erosion of rocks on land by rainwater, which carries dissolved minerals into rivers and then to the ocean, and 2- from volcanic activity on the seafloor which releases minerals into the water |
| Where can salt amounts be different? Name two. | can differ significantly near the (1) equator and the (2) poles, with generally lower salinity at these locations |
| What are the three temperature zones? Name and describe their temperature. | 1- Tropical (warmest, near the equator), 2- Temperate (moderate temperatures, between the tropics and poles), and 3- Polar (coldest, located at the poles) |
| The density of water depends on what 2 factors? | temperature and salinity |
| Why is salt water denser than fresh water? | Salt water is denser than fresh water because when salt dissolves in water, it adds mass (weight) to the water without significantly increasing its volume, resulting in a higher density |
| Why is cold water denser than warm water? | Cold water is denser than warm water because the molecules in cold water move more slowly and are closer together, while the molecules in warm water move faster and are spread out |
| Which affects the density of the ocean more…temperature or salinity? | temperature has a greater impact on ocean density than salinity |
| Where is the densest ocean found? | the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica |
| Ocean temperature varies by __________, __________ and ___________. | Ocean temperature varies by latitude (geographic location), depth and season |
| What are the three main ocean temperature zones? | the surface layer (warm), the thermocline (transitional temperature), and the deep layer (cold) |
| Which ocean zone is the coldest? | abyssopelagic zone (also called the abyss) |
| Which ocean zone receives the most sunlight? | epipelagic zone |
| Which ocean zone experiences rapid temperature drops as you increase in depth? | Mesopelagic Zone (because it contains the thermocline) |
| How does ocean temperature change with depth? | The temperature of the ocean decreases as depth increases |
| Where is the warmest ocean surface water located? | near the equator |
| What is density? | Density is a measure of the mass of a substance divided by its volume (how much space it takes up) |
| Density of water depends on what 2 things? | temperature and salinity |
| Which is more dense - fresh water or salt water? | salt water |
| Which is more dense - cold water or warm water? | cold water |
| What is the continental shelf? | a gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent |
| What is the continental slope? | at a depth of about 130 meters, the ocean floor begins to slope more steep. This marks the true edge of a continent, where the rock that makes up the continent stops and the rock of the ocean floor begins |
| What are seamounts? | mountains that are completely underwater |
| What is the abyssal plain? | broad, smooth, and flat area covered with the thick layers of mud and silt |
| What is the mid-ocean ridge? | a continuous range of mountains that winds around Earth, much as the line of stitches winds around a baseball. Longest mountain range on earth |
| What is a trench? | a steep-sided canyon in the ocean floor |
| What vessels are used to explore the deep ocean? | Alvin (submersible) Deep Flight (moves like an airplane through water) Jason II and Medea (robotic vessels) |
| If you were able to walk along the ocean bottom from a beach, which of the following features would you reach after the continental shelf? | continental slope |
Created by:
Engle Family
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