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neuro medications

QuestionAnswer
what is the main neurotransmitter in PNS? acetylcholine
what are some PNS symptoms? pupil constriction, airway constriction, decreased HR, gastro stimulation, bladder constriction
what are the main neurotransmitter in SNS? norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine
what are some SNS symptoms? pupil dilation, airway dilation, increased HR, adrenal glands release epinephrine, digestion inhibited
what stimulates adrenergic receptors? epinephrine and norepinephrine
what stimulates cholinergic receptors? acetylcholine
what is the function of GABA? most common neurotransmitter, lessens ability of a nerve cell receive, create, or send chemical messages to other nerve cells
what is the MOA for baclofen? GABA receptors in spinal cord, suppresses hyperactive reflexes, centrally acting
common ADRs for baclofen? constipation, urinary retention, withdrawl
what are some symptoms for overdose of baclofen? bradycardia, respiratory depression
what is the MOA for dantrolene? acts directly on the skeletal muscle tissue by inhibiting Ca release
common ADRs for dantrolene? hepatotoxicity and muscle weakness
what is the MOA for phenytoin? inhibits the influx of sodium through sodium channels
what is the rule for injecting phenytoin? inject slowly, too fast will cause cardiac arrhythmias
common ADRs for phenytoin? gingival hyperplasia, SJS, narrow therapeutic range
what is the MOA for carbamazepine? inhibit influx of sodium through sodium channels
what should you avoid when taking carbamazepine? grapefruit juice
common ADRs for carbamazepine? photosensitivity, SJS, HLA-B*1502 gene, bone marrow suppression
what is the MOA for valproic acid? inhibits influx of sodium and enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
common ADRs for valproic acid? GI upset, bone marrow suppression
what is the MOA for oxcarbazepine? inhibits the release of glutamate
common ADRs for oxcarbazepine? hyponatremia, photosensitivity
what is the MOA for lidocaine? blocks the influx of sodium, stops action potentials, prevents depolarization
what are symptoms of lidocaine toxicity? hallucinations, slurred speech, seizures
common ADRs for lidocaine? respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia
considerations when applying? do not apply over broken skin, add epi to allow it to stay longer in the tissues
what is the MOA for methohexital sodium? enhance inhibitory effects of GABA
what is used for rapid induction of anesthesia? methohexital sodium
what are the therapeutic symptoms of methohexital sodium? decreased HR and BP
what are the large dose effects of methohexital sodium? tachycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension
considerations for methohexital sodium? high extravastation risk
what is the MOA for midazolam? benzodiazepine, enhances inhibitory effects of GABA
midazolam is contraindicated for? acute angle-closure glaucoma
common ADRs of midazolam? amnesia, respiratory and cardia arrest
considerations when using fetanyl? schedule II substance, highly addictive
common ADRs of fetanyl? circulatory collapse
what is the reversal agent of fentanyl? naloxone
what is the MOA for amphetamine sulfate? increase release of norepinephrine and dopamine, increasing focus and minimizing impulsivity
common ADRs of amphetamine sulfate? inhibits appetite center and growth, CNS stimulant
considerations when using amphetamine sulfate? take in the morning, scheduled II substance, too large of dose = paranoid schizophrenia
what is the MOA of methylphenidate? increase release of norepinephine and dopamine
how is methylphenidate given? patch daytrana, remove after 9 hrs, place in new location each time
what is the MOA of modafinil? block reuptake of norepinephrine
common ADRs of modafinil? nausea, diarrhea, SJS
modafinil is contraindicated with what? valvular heart disease
what is the function of acetylcholine? stimulate motor movements
what is the function of dopamine? inhibits motor movements
what is parkinson's disease? decreased levels of dopamine in the brain
what is the MOA of levadopa/carbidopa? crosses the blood brain barrier and converts to dopamine
what should you avoid while taking levadopa/carbidopa? high protein foods and anticholinergics
common ADRs of levadopa/carbidopa orthostatic hypotension, dark sweat and urine, dyskinesias
what is the MOA of selegiline? inhibits MOA-B, inc dopamine in brain
what should you avoid while taking selegiline? tyramine containing foods, caffeine, opioids
common ADRs of selegiline? insomonia, hypertension
what are some characteristics of alzheimer's? neuronal degeneration, decreased acteylcholine, buildup of amyloid plaque
what is the MOA of donepezil? prevents cholinesterase from breaking down acetylcholine
common ADRs of donepezil? upset GI, bradycardia, insomnia
caution the use of donepezil in what patients? hyperthyroidism, hx of seizures, using antihistamines
what is the MOA of memantine? block excess glutamate fro stimulating NMDA receptors = dec influx of calcium into brain
memantine is contraindicated for? liver failure, OTC antacids
common ADR's constipation
what is multiple sclerosis? autoimmune, degenerative neurological disorder caused by the destruction of myelin sheath
what is the MOA of immunomodulators? inhibit the movement of leukocytes across the blood brian barrier, preserves the myelin sheath
common ADR's of immunomodulators? myelosuppression and flu like symptoms
immunodulators are contraindicated with? those with hypersensitivity to albumin
what is the MOA of sumatriptan? activates 5-HT receptors: vasoconstriction, suppresses release of CGRP: prevents inflammation
common ADR's chest pain, broncho constriction, vertigo
what is the MOA of latanoprost? constrict ciliary muscles to increase the outflow of aqueous humor that decreased intraocular pressure
common ADR's of latanoprost? changes in iris and eyelid pigmentation, macular edema
what is the MOA of betaxolol? decrease production of aqueous humor that decreased intraocular pressure
complications that could arise from betaxolol? systemic absorption: shock, sinus bradycardia, heart block
what is the MOA for diazepam? enhance inhibitory effects of GABA, acts on limbic system
how should diazepam be used? PRN due to being a schedule IV substance
common ADR's of diazepam hypotension, tachycardia, respiratory depression
what is the reversals agent of diazepam? flumazenil
what is the MOA for buspirone? binds to receptors and increases norepinephrine metabolism in the brain
how should buspirone be used? given everyday
common ADR's of buspirone? insomnia, headache
what is the MOA of fluoxetine? selectively blocks the reuptake of serotonin, which strengthens the transmission of serotonin
common ADR's of fluoxetine? weight gain, hyponatremia, insomnia, inc suicide risk
how long does it take for fluoxetine to be effective? 4-6 weeks
what is the MOA of amitriptyline? block reupotake of norepinephrine and serotonin
common ADR's of amitryipyline? hypotension, restored appetite, anticholinergic
when should amitripyline be taken? before bed
what is the MOA of phenelzine? blocks the enzyme that inactivates serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
common ADR's of phenelzine? orthostatic hypotension, serotonin syndrome
what should you avoid when taking phenelzine? tyramine foods
what is the MOA of bupropion hydrochloride? inhibits dopamine uptake
common ADR's of bupropion hydrochloride? inc risk for seizures, weight loss, psychosis
what is the MOA for lithium carbonate? changes the sodium ion transport, which alters the metabolism of catecholamines that decreases mania
considerations for lithium carbonate? narrow therapeutic range, risk for electrolyte imbalances
common ADR's for lithium carbonate? polyuria, GI effects, fine hand tremor, dec thyroid hormone
what is the MOA of chlorpromazine? block norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, and histamine receptors
common ADR's of chlorpromazine? life threatening fever, contact dermatitis, anticholinergic
Created by: kailyndonnelly
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