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Adaptation to Envior
Diversity, Adaptation, Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Theory | A Dominant explanation that is supported by a mountain of evidence. |
| Dependent Variable | The factor you measure"What do I observe?" |
| Independent Variable | The factor you test"What do I change?" |
| Hypothesis | A possible explanantion that is testable |
| Observation | An act of recognizing and noting a fact or occurance often involving measurements with instruments |
| Adaptation | Any trait that helps the individuals of a species survive within an enviornment. |
| Predator | An animal or other organism that hunts and kills other organisms |
| Controlled Variables | Factors in an experiment that stay the same |
| Prey | An animal hunted or caught for food |
| Inference | The process of drawing a conclusion from something you think you know or assume to be true |
| Herbivore | An animal that feeds on grass and other plants |
| Carnivore | A flesh eating animal |
| Omnivore | An animal that eats both meat and plants |
| niche | The particular area within a habitat occupied by an organism. |
| Nocturnal | Most active at night |
| Diurnal | Most active during the daytime |
| Camouflage | The means by which animals escape the notice of predators, usually because of a resemblance to their surroundings |
| Disruptive Coloration | In an animal, a colour pattern that is thought to disrupt the perceived contour of the body or parts of the body, thereby making the animal more difficult to see. |
| Mimicry | A similarity of one species to another which protects one or both. This similarity can be in appearance, behaviour, sound or scent. |
| Concealing Coloration | To mask location, identity and movement, providing concealment from prey and protection from predators |
| Disguise | An outward semblance that misrepresents the true nature of something; |
| Locomotion | movement or travel |
| Symbiosis | A close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species. |
| Mutualism | Symbiotic relationships in which each species benefits |
| Amensalism | (-,0). Amensalism is found when the association is disadvantageous to one member while the other is not affected. |
| Commensalism | (+,0). Commensalism occurs when one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. Type 0,+ includes phoresis, which is the transport of one species by another. |
| Parasitism | (-,+). Parasitism is a situation in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms and beneficial to the other. |
| Dormancy | A period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity is temporarily stopped. |
| Diapause | Usually done by insects. It is a ‘sleep time’ that is different from hibernation because the animals do not grow during this time. |
| Estivation | "summer sleep", is a state of animal dormancy somewhat similar to hibernation. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, the hot dry season, which is often but not inevitably the summer months. |
| Migration | Migration is the large-scale movement of an animal species from one place to another. Migrations are usually tied to seasonal changes in weather and feeding patterns, or mating and breeding patterns. |
| Hibernation | State of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate. Hibernating animals conserve food, especially during winter when food is sparse |
| Non-native Species | Non-native species come from somewhere else and they are not natural to the ecosystem they have been introduced to. |
| Biological Control | The use of living organisms, such as predators, to control pest insects, weeds, or diseases. Typically involves some human activity. |
| Invasive Species | Any species that is not native to that ecosystem; and whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. |
| Natural Selection | The process by which genetically heritable traits become more or less common in a population over successive generations. As a result organisms become better adapted to their enviornment. |
| Homeostasis | The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions (Example: Humans - Temperature, heart beat) |
| Cold Blooded | Animals that cannot regulate their internal body temperature (Reptiles, insects, arachnids) |
| Warm Blooded | Animal species whose members maintain thermal homeostasis; that is, they keep their body temperature at a roughly constant level, regardless of the outside temperature |
| Enzyme | Proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase the rates of) chemical reactions in organisms |
| Thermoregulation | The ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries |
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Mt. Sky Science
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