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Rhodes Chapter 5

Clues to Earth's Past

TermDefinition
relative age the age of rocks and geologic features compared with other rocks and features nearby
superposition the principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom
principle of original horizontality the principle that rock-forming materials are deposited in horizontal layers
principle of lateral continuity the principle that sediments are deposited in large, continuous sheets in all directions until they thin out or meet a barrier
inclusion a piece of an older rock that becomes part of a new rock
principle of cross-cutting relationships the principle that if one geologic feature cuts across another feature, the feature that it cuts across is older
unconformity a surface where rock has eroded away, producing a break, or gap, in the rock record
correlation matching rocks and fossils from separate locations
fossils the preserved remains or evidence of ancient living things
index fossils representatives of species that existed on Earth for a short length of time, were abundant, and inhabited many locations
absolute age the numerical age, in years, of a rock or an object
atom the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of the element
isotopes atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
radioactive decay the process by which an unstable element naturally changes into another element that is stable
half-life the time required for half of the parent isotopes to decay into daughter isotopes
radiometric dating the process by which scientists measure the amount of parent isotope and daughter isotope in a sample of material to determine its age
Popular Earth Science sets

 



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