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Stack #43284
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The earth is extremely_____. | dynamic |
| what are aquifers? | vast underground water courses that supply clean drinking water. |
| what is the thinnest part of the earth's structure? | the crust. |
| what is spewing out of the earth's interior onto the surface at all times? | energy |
| provide three examples indicating that the interior of the earth is a very active and energetic place. | hot springs, magma ( constant flow), and volcanic eruptions |
| provide two examples indicating that the earth's crust is on the move. | earthquakes and tsunamis. |
| what is the earth's crust divided into? | huge, thick plates that drift atop of the soft mantle |
| what are plates made of? | rock from 50 to 250 km thick |
| name the two types of crust. | oceanic and continental. |
| name the characteristics of oceanic crust. | underneath the ocean, thinner, more dense, more active, major component is basalt. |
| name the characteristics of continental crust. | underneath the continents, thicker, less dense, less active, main component: granite |
| list all the continental and oceanic plates. There are 14. | Juan De fuca, caribbean, coca, pacific, north American, Nazca, south American , scotia, Antarctica, Eurasian, Arabian, african, Indian, philippine |
| what are plate tectonics? | the branch of geology studying folding and faulting of the earth's crust. |
| where the oceanic plates are moving away from each other is called a___________. | zone of divergence |
| divergent boundaries move______ | apart. |
| what plates are involved in subduction? | oceanic and continental. |
| what happens when two oceanic plates collide? | one may be pushed under the other and magma from the mantle rises, forming volcanoes |
| mountain ranges are created. which type(s) of plates are involved and what type of movement is involved. | two continental and it is a convergent movement. |
| lateral slipping can cause what event? | earthquakes. |
| who created the theory of continental drift? | German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wagner in 1912. |
| What does Pangaea mean? | all the earth |
| when did Pangaea break apart? | 200 million years ago |
| what are the two supercontinents are when did they form? | Gondwana and Laurasia. they formed during the Jurassic period. |
| when did the continents begin to form into modern day continents? | late cretaceous period. |
| explain evidence from rock formations. | when Pangaea broke apart, large geologic structures would have fractured as the continents separated. evidence= areas of similar rock types on opposite sides of the Atlantic ocean were found. |
| explain the evidence from fossils. | when Pangaea began to break apart, Flora and fauna remained in their habitat as the continents separated and their fossils should thus be found in very different areas of the world. evidence: similar fossils of several different plant and animals that onc |
| explain ancient climatic evidence. | there have been vast climatic changes on some continents. examples coal deposits in antarctica and glacial deposit in Africa, India , australia and south America. |
| what are earthquakes? | natural vibrations of the ground caused by movement along gigantic fractures of the earth's crust. |
| what is stress? | the forces per unit area acting on a material. |
| what is strain? | the deformation of materials in response to stress |
| describe compression. | stress that decreases the volume of a material. |
| describe tension. | stress that pulls a material apart |
| describe shear . | stress that causes material to twist |
| what is a fault? | fracture or systems of fractures on the earth;s crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great |
| name the three types of faults and what causes them. | reverse( horizontal compression), normal( horizontal tension) and strike- slip * caused by horizontal shear |
| what causes earthquakes? | (1) most earthquakes are caused by movement of faults (2) stress can build up in rock that snag and lock with surrounding rocks; the stress builds up and the rocks reach their elastic limit, an earthquake is also produced |
| what device is used to detect seismic waves? | seismograph |
| name the characteristics of a p-wave. | primary wave, longitudinal, fast, can travel though solids and liquids, can travel though earth' core |
| name the characteristics of an s- wave. | secondary wave, transverse wave, slower than p- waves, cannot travel though core and can only travel though solids |
| name the characteristics of a surface wave. | travels along surface of earth, can cause both up and down and side to side motion as they pass though rocks |
| what is the focus? | the point of where an earthquake originates from. |
| where is the epicenter? | the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus. |
| who created the Richter scale? | American seismologist Charles Richter. |
| what type of scale is the Richter scale? | logarithmic |
| what does the modified mercalli scale assess? | it measures the intensity or the amount of damage done to structures. |
| where does most knowledge of the earth's interior come from? | seismic waves |
Created by:
kajoom
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