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Science Mid-Term
Study Guide for Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fire Safety | If a fire erupts, immediately notify the teacher |
| Chemical Waste Disposal | Dispose of all chemical wastes according to your teacher's directions |
| Laboratory Conduct | Chewing gum, eating, and drinking are not permitted in the lab |
| Leaving the Science Room | Clean your work area, return equipment, and wash your hands |
| Chemical Safety | Treat all chemicals as potentially hazardous |
| Work area cleanliness | work areas should be kept clean and tidy |
| Reading procedures | always read all procedures thoroughly before starting an experiment |
| Mass of a Rectangular Prism | Measure mass by calculating volume and density |
| Density Measurement | Density is calculated by measuring mass divided by volume |
| Photosynthesis Experiment Claim example- | plants grow faster using red light than blue light |
| Photosynthesis Experiment Evidence Statement- | data shows that seedlings under red light grew significantly taller than those under blue light |
| Earth systems Atmosphere Representation- | draw the sky to represent the atmosphere |
| Earth systems Biosphere vs. Atmosphere- | The biosphere includes all living things, while the atmosphere is a blanket of gases surrounding Earth |
| Earth Systems Models Caption for Earth Systems- | the geosphere includes rocks |
| Earth Systems Models Interactions Among Earth Systems- | arrows representing interactions between the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere |
| Earth Systems Models Hydrosphere Components- | the table lists components of the hydrosphere |
| Daily Activities and Earth Systems Biosphere Activity- | walking the dog is an activity in the biosphere |
| Daily Activities and Earth Systems Studying Rainfall and landslides- | the scientists studies the geosphere and hydrosphere |
| Daily Activities and Earth Systems Graph Analysis- | Rainfall at a rate of 2mm/hr for 60 hours can cause numerous landslides in the geosphere |
| Daily Activities and Earth Systems Hydrosphere Model Evaluation- | The hydrosphere includes both liquid and solid forms of water |
| Earth's Layers Apple Model- | The skin of the apple represents the crust |
| Earth's Layers Crust and Mantle Description- | the crust is the outermost layer; the mantle is the thick middle layer |
| Earth's Layers Earth Layer Symbols- | Symbol B represents the outer core |
| Earth's Layers Density Pattern- | Density increases with depth |
| Earth's Layers Analyzing Earth's Interior | Scientists analyze earthquake waves to determine |
| Earth's Layers Oceanic vs. Continental Crust | Oceanic crust is made of dense rocks that contain iron and magnesium |
| Earth's Layers Table of Earth's Layers | the table describes the inner core |
| Earth's Layers Uniform Density Hypothesis | if all materials had the same density, Earth would not be layered |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering- Physical Weathering | Metals reacting with oxygen and water do not cause physical weathering |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering- Chemical Weathering at 0 latitude | Chemical weathering occurs fastest near 0 latitude because it is warm and wet |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering- mechanical weathering | occurs fastest between 60 latitude and the poles because it is cold and wet |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering-Difference between weathering types | The main difference is how they affect the makeup of the rock |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering- Ice Wedge Formation | Ice wedges occur when water freezes and expands |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering-Wind Weathering | abrasion is a type of physical weathering caused by wind |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering-Chemical Weathering Example | Water freezing and expanding is not an example of chemical weathering |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering- Reducing Wind Erosion | Planting trees around farmland can help reduce wind erosion |
| Dynamic Earth, Weathering-Erosion and Deposition in Rivers | Deposition occurs when river currents slow and drop sediment as they enter a lake |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Theory of Plate Movement | plate tectonics explains Earth's crustal plate movement |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Convergent Boundaries- | at convergent boundaries, tectonic plates collide, leading to mountain building or subduction |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Heat Flow and Plate Movement | convection currents in the mantle drive plate movement |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Volcanic Eruptions | Volcanic islands are primarily formed due to volcanic eruptions |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Lava Characteristics | Basaltic lava is characterized by low viscosity and forms shield volcanoes |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Pyroclastic Flows- | Pyroclastic flows are dangerous because they can travel at high speeds and destroy everything in their path |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Earthquake Causes | Earthquakes are primarily caused by tectonic plate movement releasing built-up stress |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Seismic Waves | Primary waves are the fastest and can travel through solids and liquids |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Lahars | Lahars are volcanic mudflows that can occur during or after an eruption, especially when it rains |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Sea-floor Spreading Evidence | The age of rocks on either side of mid-ocean ridges supports the theory of sea-floor spreading |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Scientific Method | Scientific knowledge results from debate and confirmation within the scientific community |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory-Tsunami Behavior | Tsunamis slow down and can grow taller as they approach the shore |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Ring of Fire Significance | The Ring of Fire is a region with many volcanoes and earthquakes due to tectonic plate boundaries |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Role of Geologists | geologists study Earth's materials and processes, helping to prepare for natural disasters |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Oceanic Crust Creation | divergent boundaries are responsible for creating new oceanic crust |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Understanding Perspectives in Science | understanding different perspectives allows for a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Volcanic Eruptions Impact | some eruptions can create new land and enrich soil |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- measuring earthquake intensity | earthquake intensity is measured using seismographs and scales like the Richter scale |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Mountain Building Cause | The collision of tectonic plates at convergent boundaries is the primary cause of mountain building |
| Plate Tectonics- Tectonic Theory- Confirming New Theories | The scientific community confirms new theories through debates, experimentation, and peer review |
| Geologic Time- Age of the Earth Perspectives | the difference between the Secularist Age of the Earth and the Christian Age of the Earth lies in the reliability of the evidence used to prove the age |