Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In bacterial cell division, the cell divides into two nearly equal halves. This process is referred to as: | binary fission |
| How does the organization of the bacterial genome differ from the organization of the eukaryotic genome? | Most bacterial chromosomes are circular and the eukaryotic chromosomes contained in the nucleus are not. |
| The point of constriction on chromosomes that contains certain repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins is called: | The centromere |
| Eukaryotic chromosome complexes are composed of 60% protein and 40% DNA. This complex is referred to as: | Chromatin |
| The number of chromosomes in diploid eukaryotic cells: | is 46 |
| The two copies of each type of chromosome found in normal somatic (body) cells in an organism, throughout the cell cycle, are called: | Homologous chromosomes |
| Before cell division of somatic cells, each chromosome must be replicated. After replication, the resulting two parts of each chromosome are held together by cohesin at the centromere. These two parts are referred to as: | Sister chromatids |
| A cell biologist produces a karyotype of mouse somatic cells arrested in mitosis. She sees 40 chromosomes, which is completely normal for mice. Based on this information, what is the haploid number of chromosomes for mice? | 20 |
| If there are 32 sister chromatids in a normal somatic cell, what is the haploid number for that cell | 8 |
| If there are 32 sister chromatids in a normal somatic cell, how many chromosomes are there? | 16 |
| A somatic cell from a garden pea plant normally contains 14 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids would that cell contain during G1 of the cell cycle? | 0 |
| The portion of the cell cycle when the cell is growing and does not contain a replicated genome is referred to as: | G1 |
| This stage of the cell cycle is characterized by growth and it contains a checkpoint to verify that all of the DNA has been replicated prior to mitosis. | G2 |
| The physical distribution of cytoplasmic material into the two daughter cells in plant cells is referred to as: | Cytokinesis |
| If a cell has 32 chromosomes prior to S and undergoes mitosis followed by cytokinesis, each new daughter cell will have how many chromosomes? | 32 |
| In what portion of the cell cycle do the chromosomes appear invisible under a light microscope because they are not yet condensed? | Interphase |
| During what stages of the cell cycle are sister chromatids bound together by cohesin? | S, G2, prophase, metaphase |
| The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called: | Anaphase |
| This stage of mitosis is characterized by the disassembly of spindle apparatus, the reestablishment of the nuclear membrane, and the decondensation of the chromosomes: | Telophase |
| During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope begins to break down and the spindle begins to form | Prometaphase |
| During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes become attached to the spindle at their kinetochore | Prometaphase |
| Why is it so important that all of the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate during metaphase? | If they cannot, it suggests that they aren't properly attached to the spindle microtubules, and thus won't separate properly during anaphase. |
| This protein or protein complex functions in the cell to stop cell division if the cell has experienced extensive DNA damage: | p53 |
| _________ is a process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes per cell from 2 sets to 1 set. | Meiosis |
| In life cycles that alternate between haploid and diploid stages, fertilization doubles the number of chromosomes per cell while_________ reduces it in half. | meiosis |
| Homologous chromosomes pair along their length during prophase I of meiosis. While two homologues are paired, genetic exchange may occur between them in a process called_________ . | crossing over |
| All animal cells are diploid except | gametes. |
| Which of the following produces new cells that are genetically identical to the original cell? | Mitosis |
| In animals, the cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes are set aside early in development. These are called | germ-line cells. |
| Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place during | prophase I. |
| At the end of meiosis II, each of the four resulting cells contains | one full set of chromosomes, each with 1 molecule of DNA. |
| Which best describes the process of independent assortment? | The way one pair of homologues lines up along the metaphase plate does not affect how any other pair lines up. |
| What immediately follows meiosis I? | Prophase II |
| The term for one of a pair of chromosomes with similar genetic information and from different sources like the sperm and egg is_________ . | homologue |
| Which structures indicate where crossing over has occurred? | Chiasmata |
| You are studying meiosis in an organism where 2n = 28. How many chromosomes will be present in each cell after meiosis I is complete but before meiosis II begins? | 14 |
| In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is one extra chromosome (number 21) in every cell. This aneuploid condition is most likely the result of | failure of 1 homologous pair to segregate during meiosis. |
| The first detailed and quantitative studies on inheritance were carried out by an Austrian monk named_________. | Mendel |
| In modern terminology, Mendel's heredity "factors" are called | genes. |
| The observable expression of the genes present in an organism is called its | phenotype. |
| Alternate forms of the same gene are called | alleles. |
| The Principle of_________ states that the 2 alleles present at each gene locus separate from one another during gamete formation and remain distinct. | Segregation |
| A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for a given trait is called_________ for that trait. | homozygous |
| An allele for a particular trait that is only expressed in the presence of a second copy of the same allele is called | recessive. |
| During his experiments with pea plants, Mendel referred to the trait that was expressed in the F1 or first filial generation as | dominant. |
| In Mendel's experiments on seed color in pea plants, when a dominant yellow seed-bearing plant was crossed with a recessive green seed-bearing plant, what was the approximate phenotypic ratio among the F2 generation? | 3 yellow: 1 green |
| If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the resulting offspring is | heterozygous. |
| The allelic make up of a cell or individual is referred to as its | genotype. |
| A cross where we follow the inheritance of two pairs of alleles is called | dihybrid. |
| Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = short. If the uppercase letters represent the dominant alleles, what is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype PpTt? | purple flowers, tall |
| Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = short. What are the genotypes of the gametes that are produced by a plant that is heterozygous for both traits? | PT, Pt, pT, and pt |
| Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = short. Of the 16 possible gamete combinations in the dihybrid cross between two double heterozygotes, how many would produce the phenotype white, tall? | 3 |
| Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment states that different pairs of | alleles segregate independently of each other. |
| If a single gene has 3 or more alternative forms, this is called | multiple alleles. |
| Sometimes, one gene pair will interfere with the expression of a second gene pair in an interaction called | epistasis. |
| Sebastian does not know his blood type. However, Sebastian knows that his mother and father both had blood type B. Prisha and Sebastian's first child is a boy with type O blood. Based on this information, Sebastian's blood type could be | either B or O. |
| The observable expression of the genes present is called | phenotype. |
| In white tigers, the absence of fur pigmentation is caused by a recessive allele that also causes the tigers to be cross-eyed. If two tigers heterozygous for this allele mate, what do you expect to see among the offspring? | 1/4 will be both white and cross-eyed, 3/4 will be orange with normal eyes. |
| Let R = red pigment and r = no pigment. In carnations, RR offspring make a lot of red pigment, rr offspring make no pigment and Rr offspring make a small amount of red pigment, thus appearing pink. Pink carnations are therefore an example of | incomplete dominance. |
| A Punnett square is generally used to | predict the genotypic ratio among the offspring |
| If you are tossing a six-sided die, what is the probability of getting either a 1 or a 2 on your first toss AND a 1 or a 2 on your second toss? | 1/9 |
| A male and female each carry the trait, but do not have sickle-cell disease. What is the probability that their first two children will both have sickle-cell disease? | 1/16 |
| Three babies were recently mixed up in a hospital. Based on the data in the table above, the couple with blood types A and B are the actual parents of the child with blood type | AB |
| Different phenotypes produced for the same genotype due to environmental variation is called_________. | phenotypic plasticity |
Created by:
kass07
Popular Biology sets