Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio 101 Exam 3
Ecology, Darwin, Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Stewardship? | Shared responsibility for the sustainable care of our planet |
| What is sustainable development? | economic development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
| What are the three factors needed to achieve sustainable development? | Environmentally sound decisions, economically viable decisions, socially equitable decisions |
| What is the goal of sustainable development? | Improve living conditions for everyone while maintaining a healthy environment (natural resources aren't overused and no excessive pollution) |
| What is ecology? | A branch of biology that studies interrelationships between organisms and their environment |
| It is known as a basic tool of environmental science | Ecology |
| What is an ecosystem? | A natural system consisting of a community of organisms and its physical environment |
| Most system are in a stead state called | dynamic equilibrium |
| What is a negative feedback system? | A change in some condition triggers a response that reverses the changed condition |
| If your body temperature rises too high, your body will respond by sweating (to cool you down), this is an example of ____________ feedback | Negative |
| What is positive feedback? | A change in some condition triggers a response that leads to a greater change from the original condition |
| When a single fruit starts to ripen, it releases ethylene gas which then affects any fruit nearby leading to more of this gas being produced. Eventually, the whole batch of fruit will now be ripe. This is an example of ____________ feedback | positive |
| What are the factors in an experiment? | Variable, experimental group, control group, theory |
| What is a theory? | Explains scientific laws that are supported by a large body of observations, conclusions, and by peers |
| What are the 5 stages of Addressing Environmental Problems? | Scientific assessment, risk analysis, public education and involvement, political action, long-term evaluation |
| What is scientific assessment? | Addresses environmental problems by gathering information, defining the problem, collecting data, and conducting experiments |
| What is risk analysis? | Uses results and analyzes the potential effects of doing nothing or intervening |
| What is Public Education and Involvement? | Public participation to address the problem in the environment, people work together to solve a problem |
| What is political action? | Affected parties select and implement a course of action |
| What is long-term evaluation? | The results of any action taken should be closely monitored |
| What is ecology? | The study of systems that include interactions among and between organisms and their abiotic environment |
| What are the two parts of ecology? | Biotic and abiotic |
| What does biotic mean? | living environment and includes all organisms |
| What does abiotic mean? | nonliving/physical and includes living space, temperature, sunlight, soil, wind, etc. |
| What is a species? | A group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another in the wild to produce fertile offspring |
| What is a population? | a group of organism of the same species that live in the same area at the same time |
| Lion is a ____________ | Species |
| All the lions living in the Serengeti National Park area would be considered an example of ___________________ | Population |
| What is a community? | consists of all the populations of different species that live and interact within an area at the same time |
| What is an ecosystem? | A more inclusive term than community, it is a community and its physical environment |
| What is the biosphere? | The parts of Earth's atmosphere, ocean, land surface, and soil that contain all living organisms |
| What makes up the biosphere? (hint: there's 3 things) | Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere |
| What is the atmosphere? | gaseous envelope surrounding Earth |
| What is the hydrosphere? | Earth's supply of water (liquid and frozen, fresh and salty, ground and surface water) |
| What is the lithosphere? | the soil and rock of Earth's crust |
| What is energy? | capacity or ability to do work |
| What are some of the forms of energy? | Chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear, electrical, and radiant |
| Energy in organisms consists of: | growing, moving, reproducing, and maintaining/repairing damaged tissue |
| Where is chemical energy usually stored? | The bonds of molecules |
| What is thermal energy? | Thermal energy is heat. It flows from an object with higher temperature to an object with lower temperature |
| What is mechanical energy? | energy involved in the movement of matter |
| What is solar energy? | energy from the sun (like ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation) |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | energy can not be created or destroyed, can change from one form to another |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? | energy is converted from one form to another, it is degraded into heat, a less usable form that disperses into the environment |
| What is entropy? | the measure of this disorder or randomness |
| Organisms of an ecosystem are divided into three categories: | producer, consumer, decomposer |
| What is a producer? | (autotrophs) create organic molecules from simple inorganic substances |
| What is a consumer? | (heterotrophs) use bodies of other organisms as their source of food energy |
| What is a decomposer? | (heterotrophs) break down dead organic material and use the decomposition products to supply energy |
| Consumers that eat producers are considered ______________ | primary consumers (plant eaters/herbivores) |
| ________________ consumers eat primary consumers | Secondary |
| __________________ consumers eat secondary consumers | Tertiary |
| Secondary and tertiary consumers are considered ________________ | Carnivores |
| Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called _________________ | Omnivores |
| Consumers of organic matter or detritus are called _______________ | detritivores |
| What is a trophic level? | an organism's position in a food chain (determined by feeding relationships) |
| What is a food web? | a representation of the interlocking food chains that connect all organisms in an ecosystem |
| What is an ecological pyramid and what does it do? | it graphically represents the relative energy values of each tropic level |
| There are three main types of pyramids, they are called: | Pyramid of numbers, pyramid of biomass, and pyramid of energy |
| What is a pyramid of numbers? | shows the number of organisms at each tropic level in a given ecosystem |
| What is a pyramid of biomass? | illustrates the total biomass at each successive level in an ecosystem |
| What is a pyramid of energy? | illustrates the energy content, often expressed as kilocalories per square meter per year |
| The scope of ecology: | Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| What are the fields within ecology? (Hint: there's 4) | Ethology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology |
| What is ethology? | study of animal behavior |
| What is population ecology? | study of populations |
| What is community ecology? | study of communities |
| What is ecosystem ecology? | study of ecosystems |
| Important characteristics of a population are: | size, density, dispersal |
| What are the three different kinds of population dispersal? | Random, uniform, clumped |
| What is population growth? | How quick a population is growing |
| What are the two kinds of population growth? | Exponential and logistic |
| Exponential growth means: | There is no competition for resources (ex: invasive species) |
| Logistic growth means: | when a population reaches a size that is too big for the habitat to handle |
| Density independent means: | affect on all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size |
| Density dependent means: | A limiting factor that depends on population size |
| What is a Predator-Prey relationship? | prey adapt to predation, predators then adapt to get prey better (a repeating cycle) |
| What is symbiosis? | presence of one species in an environment can impact the survival of another species (Anemone and clownfish) |
| What are the three types of symbiosis? | Parasitism, mutualism, commensalism |
| What is parasitism? | One organism is harmed by the presence of another |
| What is mutualism? | When two organisms impact each other positively |
| What is commensalism? | One species is positively impacted while another organism has no impact on the other organism |
| What is the trophic structure? (name the parts of the food chain) | Primary producers (plants) -> Primary consumers (herbivores) -> Secondary consumers -> Tertiary consumers (carnivores) -> quaternary consumers |
| What is anatomy? | Study of FORM of organism's structure |
| What is physiology? | Study of FUNCTION of organism's structure |
| What are the levels of structure (A-E): | Cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level |
| What are the four types of tissue: | Epithelial, connective, muscle |
| What is the function of the epithelial tissue? | Covers body surface and lines internal organs/cavities |
| What is the function of the connective tissue? | Sparse population of cells scattered through a fibrous matrix they secrete |
| What is the function of the muscle tissue? | Long muscle fiber cells and contractile proteins |
| What is the function of the nervous tissue? | Senses and transmits information received from external internal stimuli |
| What are organs? | A higher level structure that consists of various tissues to perform a function |
| What are the organ systems? | 2 or more organs coordinating to accomplish a specific biological goal/function (Example: digestive system, circulatory system) |
| What is homeostasis? | Regulation of constant conditions within an animals internal environment (Example: We produce sweat to cool down our body when our body gets too hot) |
| Homeostasis related to: (Hint: Three things) | pH, temperature, salinity |
| What is a pathogen? | Something that is trying to enter the body and cause an illness through cells |
| What is a macrophage? | Macrophages are meant to locate foreign bodies and "eat them", they're guard that are trying to catch things that will cause potential harm |
| What is the inflammatory response? | Reacts to pathogens, the entire process of trying to catch pathogens |
| What are the three 1st line of defenses? | skin, mucous, lysozymes |
| What does the skin do? | The biggest barrier we have, keeps pathogens from entering the body |
| What does the mucous do? | It keeps pathogens from entering from the nose |
| What do lysozymes do? | Can be in form of tears or saliva, they stop pathogens |
| What are the three types of responses? | Histamine, humoral, cell-mediated |
| What is the histamine reponse? | when blood flow is increased and phagocytes are attracted to get rid of foreign substances |
| What is the humoral response? | immunological responses that are mediated by antibodies |
| What is the cell mediated response? | when killer T-cells attack any cell that contains a pathogen |
| What are the types of T and B cells? (Hint: There's three) | Helper T and B cells, Killer T cells, Memory B cells |
| What do Helper T and B cells do? | T-cells activate both B-cells and killer T-cells |
| What do Killer T cells do? | Killer T-cells function to attack and destroy infected cells |
| What do Memory B cells do? | Memory B cells function is to remember any previous infection so that when it comes back it can be stopped easier |
| What is evolution? | change in gene frequency in a population over time |
| What is natural selection? | survival of the fittest (organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others) |
| What are the steps in Darwin's theory? | Overproduction, Variation, Competition, Selection |
| Overproduction means: | Species produce more offspring than can survive, leads to struggle of resources |
| Variation means: | Organisms exhibit individual variation in appearance and behavior (more variation -> more likely to survive) |
| Competition means: | Individuals compete for resources |
| Selection means: | Individuals with the best traits will survive and have the opportunity to pass on its traits to offspring |
| A theory is a ___________________ | well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that occurred in the natural world |
| Who are the four men who helped form Darwin's ideas: | James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Lamarck, and Thomas Malthus |
| What did James Hutton do? | Theory of geological change |
| What did Charles Lyell do? | Geography can be built up or torn down |
| What did Lamarck do? | Inheritance of acquired traits |
| What did Thomas Malthus do? | Population growth |
| What is artificial selection? | nature provides the variation among different organisms, and humans select the variations they want (Breeding dogs) |
| What is natural variation? | differences among individuals of species (Huskies: some have green eyes and others blue eyes) |
| What is decent with modification? | each living organism has descended with changes from other species over time |
| What is common descent? | were derived from common ancestors |
| What defined sustainable development? | Brundtland report |
| The interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the nonliving physical environment is…? | Environmental science |
| If a population is social in some way their dispersal is most likely…? | Clumped |
| If a population is not social or territorial is most likely…? | Random |
| The ocean is considered…? | Abiotic |
Created by:
MinYoongi67
Popular Biology sets