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Biology
Plant and Animals Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dermal tissue | epidermis, external covering for the plant's entire body which serves as a protective layer |
| ground tissue | stores water and carbohydrates, assists in transport, and surrounds and supports the conducting tissues |
| vascular tissue | conducts water, mineral, nutrients, and carbohydrates made by photosynthesis throughout the plant (ex- xylem & phloem) |
| roots function | absorb water and nutrients, anchor the plant into the soil |
| stem function | supports for the upper plant, transport for nutrients, water, sugar, and starches |
| leaves function | they produce their own food through photosynthesis. they take in co2, water, and sunlight to make food |
| flower function | the reproductive part of a plant can also attract some creatures with its pollen. most flowers have 4 main parts; petals, stamens, pistils, and sepals |
| what does vascular tissue allow plants to do | transport water, minerals, and sugars throughout their entire body, from the roots to the leaves enabling them to grow tall and distribute nutrients to different parts of the plant |
| what does having seeds allow plants to do | reproduce by created a protected package containing a plant embryo with a food source, allowing the new plant to germinate and grow in a new location when conditions are right letting the plant spread its population and survive in different environments |
| what defines plant structures as true roots, stems, or leaves | plant structures are considered "true roots," "stems," or leaves" when they are part of a vascular plant, meaning they have specialized tissue (xylem and phloem) that allow for the transport of water and nutrients through the cell and fulfill functions |
| which plants are more primitive, vascular or non-vascular | non-vascular because they lack specialized tissue for transporting water and nutrients making them the earliest land plants to evolve |
| angiosperms | flowering plants that produce seeds in fruits, vascular plants with stems roots and leaves, male and female reproductive organs and must undergo pollination to reproduce, develop in the ovaries of flowers and are protected by a fruit |
| gymnosperms | "naked seeds" that are not protected by a fruit, usually formed in unisexual cones (strobili) |
| what structure in angiosperms helps increase the chance of seed dispersal | fruits help disperse seeds by wind, water, animals, or mechanical ejection, ensuring seeds spread and grow in new areas the walls of the ovary thicken after fertilization ripening into fruit that ensure disposal |
| which of the following does angiosperm have; chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, covered seeds(fruit), terrestrial habitat | chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, covered seeds (fruit), terrestrial habitat |
| which of the following does moss have; chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, covered seeds(fruit), terrestrial habitat | chlorophyll, terrestrial habitat |
| which of the following does gymnosperm have; chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, covered seeds(fruit), terrestrial habitat | chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, terrestrial habitat |
| which of the following does fern have; chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, covered seeds(fruit), terrestrial habitat | chlorophyll, vascular tissue, terrestrial habitat |
| which of the following does algae have; chlorophyll, vascular tissue, produces seeds, covered seeds(fruit), terrestrial habitat | chlorophyll |
| what protects leaves from water loss | the cuticle |
| where does photosynthesis occur | chloroplast |
| why are there more chloroplasts in the layer just below the cuticle | to prevent water loss to get more sun |
| what structure allows for the gas, CO2 to enter the leaf | stomata |
| why does the plant need chloroplasts in the guard cells | to carry out photosynthesis |
| guard cells | specialized plant cells that control gas exchange and water loss in plants, found in the epidermis or outer layer of leaves stems and other plant organs |
| how does water get to the lead | petiole xylen |
| what are the two types of vascular tissue and what do they each transport | xylem-water, phloem-food |
| leaves size and shape adaptions | small leaves lose less water and are well suited to hot dry environments large leaves absorb more sunlight and are found in wet climates horizontal walls are found in wetland environments and absorb the most light possible |
| leaves texture adaptions | hair protect leaves from strong sunlight, wind, and animals, they also trap moisture and increase humidity around the leaf waxy coating help keep moisture inside the plant in dry environments and repel water in wet environments |
| leaves orientation adaptions | vertical leaves and branches help plants stay cool by minimizing the amount of the plant that faces the sun during the hottest part of the day |
| leaves color adaptions | pale leaves reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat than dark leaves |
| leaves extra adaptions | some plants have thorns or spines to discourage animals from eating them, while other produce poisonous oils. cacti have thick skin that makes them hard to eat and stores water, thick cuticle to prevent water loss, |
| stomata | pores that allow for gas exchange |
| Cuticle | waxy outer coating that helps prevent water loss |
| two main types of leaves | simple(single continuous blade that is not divided) and compound(a divided leaf blade with a multiple leaf blades called leaflets) |
| petals | inside the sepals, modified leaves, attract pollinators, provide some protection the reproductive parts of the flower |
| sepal | protect the flower before it opens, enclosing the petals |
| stamen | within the petals, contain a filament topped by pollen producing cells, male sex organs, consists of an anther, pollen (in anther), and filament |
| pistil | female sex organs, receive pollen facilitating its transfer to the ovary, consist of stigma, style, and ovary |
| pollination | process when pollen lands on the stigma |
| cross pollinate | pollination from two different flowers |
| fertilization | process of egg and sperm uniting to form zygote |
| self pollinate | pollination of the same flower |
| tropism | a plants growth response to an external stimulus, hormones in the plant cause these responses (auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins), tropisms can be positive (plant growth is towards a stimulus) or negative (plant growth is away from a stimulus |
| phototropism | response to the direction of light, positive because it grows towards the sun |
| gravitropism | change in direction of growth due to the effect of gravity, the shoot tips (stem/leaves) of most plants show negative gravitropism and grow away from gravity's force, the root tips of most plants show positive gravitropism |
| thismatropism | growth response to touch, some plants grow towards things they can climb up other plants grow away so they can have more space |
| hydrotropism | a plants growth in response to water, most plants will have a positive hydrotropism and grow towards the water |
| plant kingdom | plants: non-vascular(liverwort, mosse, hornwort, algae), vascular vascular: seedless(club moss, ferns), seeds seeds: gymnosperms(fir trees, pine trees), angiosperms angiosperms: monocots(palm trees, tulips, lillies, orchids), dicots(veg, flowers) |
| nervous system organs | brain, spinal cord, nerves |
| nervous system function | control system of body, stimulates heart rate and controls blood oxygen levels |
| nervous system interactions | all other systems |
| muscular system organs | Skeletal muscle (moves bones), cardiac (heart muscles), smooth (digestive organs) |
| muscular system function | allows for movement |
| Muscular system interaction | Digestive |
| circulatory (cardiovascular) system function | transports substances throughout the body circulates oxygen, co2, heat, water, nutrients, and wastes |
| circulatory (cardiovascular) system organs | heart, arteries, veins |
| circulatory (cardiovascular) system interactions | basically all other systems |
| excretory system function | filters wastes from blood; maintains bodies internal nutrient balance also rids body of waster via urethra |
| excretory system organs | kidneys, urethra, bladder |
| excretory system interactions | circulatory and digestive |
| digestive system function | breaks down macromolecules and absorbs necessary nutrients Liver serves multiple functions for multiple systems, but is considered part of the digestive system |
| Digestive system, major organs | Stomach, large intestine, small intestine |
| Reproductive system function | Producing offspring and regulating sexual characteristics |
| Reproductive system major | Testes, uterus, ovaries |
| Digestive system interactions | Circulatory and muscular |
| Reproductive system interactions | Endocrine |
| Skeletal system function | Provide provides body support and structure Bone marrow creates new blood cells for circulation and also stores lipids |
| Skeletal system organs | Bones and cartilage |
| Skeletal system interactions | Immune, circulatory, muscular ((movement) |
| Integumentary system function | Protects body, transfer of heat, sensory reception, releases, sweat, and heat from blood to help control body temperature |
| Integumentary system organs | Skin and nails |
| Integumentary system interactions | Immune ((protection), excretory (releasing sweat), muscular |
| Endocrine system function | Circulate hormones around the body to control body functions Maintain homeostasis |
| Endocrine system organs | Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, hypothalamus |
| Lymphatic/immune system function | Works to help maintain circulatory system as well as housing cells, responsible for immunity |
| Lymphatic/immune system organs | Lymph nodes |
| Endocrine system interactions | Reproductive |
| Lymphatic/immune system interactions | Integumentary (skin and protective layer), circulatory |
| Respiratory system function | Ventilation system for body, takes an oxygen and releases carbon dioxide from blood |
| Respiratory system organs | Lungs, diaphragm, trachea |
| Respiratory system interaction | Circulatory |
| What systems help with gas exchange? | Circulatory and respiratory work together to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body |
| What systems help with nutrients and processing? | Digestive excretory and circulatory allow for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients in the body |
| What systems? help with coordination | Nervous muscular and skeletal interact to coordinate the body |
| What systems help with immune? | The immune system works to keep the body functioning along with the endocrine system and integumentary system |
| What systems help with regulation? | Endocrine integumentary and excretory interact to coordinate the body |
| Assistance help with reproduction | Endocrine and reproductive |
| Positive feedback vs negative feedback | positive feedback moves away and negative feedback tries to move it back to normal |
| ground tissue | tissue that fills the space between the epidermis (outer layer) and vascular tissue chloroplast is found here |
| interior space of the chloroplast | stroma |
Created by:
MeghnaG791
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