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DNA and RNA Review

QuestionAnswer
DNA --> RNA --> Protein Central Dogma of Biology
DNA --> DNA (entire copy of DNA) Replication
DNA --> mRNA (segment of DNA) Transcription
RNA --> Protein (polypeptide chain) Translation
Purpose of DNA store genetic information (purpose)
Purpose of RNA make proteins (purpose)
term to describe DNA structure of 2 strands double helix
where DNA is stored (where replication & transcription happens) nucleus
where ribosomes are found (where translation happens) cytoplasm
group of 3 nucleotide bases codon
the backbone of DNA and RNA made of this (2) sugar & phosphates
sugar found in DNA deoxyribose sugar
sugar found in RNA ribose sugar
A , T , C , G [no U's] Nitrogen bases found in DNA
A, U , C , G [no T's] Nitrogen bases found in RNA
chemical bond holding nucleotides together weak hydrogen bonds
chemical bond holding the sugar-phosphate backbone together strong covalent bonds
type of RNA that carries DNA's message out of the nucleus mRNA
type of RNA that helps to build ribosomes rRNA
type of RNA to carries (transfers) amino acids tRNA
A = T , C = G [Rules] DNA base pairing rules
A -> U , T -> A , C = G [Rules] RNA base pairing rules
cell organelle that makes proteins ribosomes
phase in cell cycle when replication happens S phase
building block of DNA/RNA [nitrogen base, sugar, & phosphate group] nucleotide
building block of protein amino acid
any random change in DNA or RNA mutation
2 processes needed to make a protein (protein synthesis) transcription & translation
chemical bond holding amino acids together peptide bonds
any agent that can cause mutations to happen ex. UV radiation mutagen
gene mutation where 1 nucleotide base is replaced with another substitution mutation
gene mutation where 1 extra nucleotide base is added insertion mutation
gene mutation where 1 nucleotide base is removed deletion mutation
possible effects of a mutation harmful, helpful, silent (neutral) or lethal (kills)
Created by: cadetjt
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