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Cell Transport

TermDefinition
Cell Membrane Semipermeable/Selectively Permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
Selectively Permeable Regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Intracellular space Area inside the cell membrane
Extracellular space Area outside the cell membrane
Homeostasis Ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
Hydrophilic A molecule that attracts to water (water loving)
Hydrophobic A molecule that repeals water (water fearing)
Concentration Gradient Occurs when there is a difference between the concentration of a substance on either side of the membrane
Equilibrium Occurs when there is a balance on both sides
Moving down (with) the concentration gradient Molecules move from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration, requires no energy.
Moving against the concentration gradient Molecules move from an area of LOW concentration to an area of HIGH concentration, requires energy (ATP)
Passive transport Movement of materials across the cell membrane without the use of energy Materials move down the concentration gradient from a high to low concentration Examples: Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
Diffusion The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Molecules move directly through the membrane. Does not require energy.
Facilitated Diffusion Occurs when larger molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the help of a protein channel. Does not require energy.
Osmosis Water molecules move from high concentration to low concentration of water molecules (diffusion of water) through aquaporins. The high solute concentration sucks the water towards it.
Aquaporins Protein channels that facilitate the diffusion of water across teh membrane
Isotonic Solutions Solution where the concentration of the solutes is the same inside and outside of the cell. The movement of water is equal in both directions causing the cell to stay the same size (stable state)
Hypertonic Solutions Solution where the concentration of the solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. The net movement of water is out of the cell causing the cell to shrink.
Hypotonic Solutions Solution where the concentration of the solutes is lower outside of the cell than inside the cell. The net movement of water is into the cell causing the cell to swell.
Active Transport Movement of substances across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient (low to high). Requires ATP. Two types: Molecular Transport and Bulk Transport
Molecular Transport Small molecules move from low to high concentration with the help of a protein pump and the use of ATP energy Example: Sodium Potassium Pump
Bulk Transport Active transport used to carry large molecules or clumps of materials across the membrane. Sometimes requires the membrane to change shape. Vesicles and vacuoles help with bulk transport.
Exocytosis Type of bulk transport that removes materials and waste from the cell by having the vesicle transporting the materials fuse with the cell membrane then leaving the cell.
Endocytosis Type of bulk transport that allows materials to enter the cell. Pockets of material are folded in by the cell membrane to form a vesicle. Three types: Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Receptor-mediated
Phagocytosis Type of Endocytosis in which solid particles are brought into the cell. ("Cell eating")
Pinocytosis Type of Endocytosis in which liquids are taken into the cell ("Cell drinking")
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis Type of endocytosis in which specialized receptor proteins in the membrane specify which substances are brought into the cell.
Created by: user-1894303
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