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yay lab values
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| HCO3- | 22-26mEq/L |
| PCO2 | 35-45mmHg |
| PO2 | 80-100mmHg |
| SaO2 | >/93% |
| base excess | -3 to +3 |
| fasting blood glucose | 70-110mg/dL |
| random (capillary) glucose | 60-110mg/dL |
| 2-hour postprandial glucose | <140mg/dL |
| prothombin time (PT) | * Assess effectiveness of anticoags; dx DIC, vit K deficiency or liver dysfx * 9.6-11.8sec adult males * 9.5-11.3sec adult females * normal level is + or -2sec; therapeutic range for Coumadin is 1.5-2times the control value * limit green leafy veg |
| INR | * 2.0-3.0 for standard Coumadin therpy * 3.0-4.5 for high-dose therapy |
| APTT | * Assess heparin therapy * ^ in liver dz, DIC * low values = ineffective therapy; high values = risk for bleeding/hemorrhage * 20-35sec; 1.5-2.5x control in sec = therapeutic |
| Hct | * measures proportion of RBCs in a volume of whole blood * males: 40%-50% * females: 38%-47% * falsely ^ when WBCs are markedly ^ * falsely low w/ hemodilution |
| Hgb | * Hct is usually 3x the Hgb level * males: 13.5-18g/dL * females: 12-16g/dL |
| RBC count | * 4.0-5.5million cells/microliter - adult females * 4.5-6.2million cells/microliter - adult males |
| Platelet count | * 150,000 - 450,000/mm^3 |
| WBC | * 5,000 - 10,000/mm^3 |
| "shift to the left" | greater number of bands (immature neutrophils) to fight infection/inflammation |
| "shift to the right" | cells with excessive nuclear segments, as seen with liver disease, megaloblastic and pernicious anemias and Down syndrome |
| eosinophils | * increase during allergic and parasitic conditions and decreased with higher levels of steroids. * 1-3% or 100-300cells/microliter |
| basophils | * increase during healing process and decrease when steroid levels increase * 0.4-1.0% or 40-100cells/microliter |
| monocytes | * macrophages * 4-6% or 200-600cells/microliter |
| total neutrophils | * immune system defenses against inflammation, tissue injury & infection * 50-70% or 2500-7000cells/microliter |
| segments (mature neutrophils) | 50-65% or 2500-6500cells/microliter |
| bands (immature neutrophils) | 0-5% or 0-500cells/microliter |
| total cholesterol | <200mg/dL |
| LDL | <130mg/dL |
| HDL | 30-70mg/dL |
| TGs | <200mg/dL |
| BUN | * 8-22mg/dL * ^ with reduced GFR, increased dietary protein, increased catabolism (starvation), crush injuries, febrile illness, absorption of blood from intestines and hemoconcentration from dehydration * must be assessed with creatinine for renal status |
| Creatinine | * gold standard for kidney function * 0.6-1.3mg/dL * ^ creatinine? no OJ! |
| Leukocyte esterase | * + suggests UTI * >100,000 colonies are needed |
| specific gravity | 1.005-1.030 |
| ALT (alanine aminotransferase) or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) | * used to differentiate between jaundice from liver disease (often >300units/L) and causes outside liver (often <300units/L) * 10-25units/L * 200-400units with hepatitis or liver damage from drugs/chemicals |
| * AST (aspartate aminotransferase) or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) | * 8-38units/L * With liver injury, rises by 10x or more and stays elevated longer; also rises with pancreatitis and musculoskeletal trauma, including injections |
| Bilirubin | * total: 0.1-1.2mg/dL adults; 1-12mg/dL newborn * direct: 0.1-0.3mg/dL * indirect: calculated by subtracting direct from total level * levels are elevated with jaundice and liver dz * protect specimen from sunlight and artificial light and avoid hemolysis |
| Ammonia | * 35-65micrograms/dL * Degree of elevation does not correlate directly with risk of developing hepatic coma * end product of N breakdown during protein metabolism |
| Amylase | * CHO digestion * 25-151units/L * Increased with pancreatitis; elevation begins 3-6hours after pain begins, peaks in 24 hours and returns to normal in 2-3 days |
| Lipase | * fat & TGs --> fatty acids and glycerol * 10-140units/L * Increased with pancreatic disorders; may rise as late as 24-36hours after onset of disorder and return to normal as much as 14 days later |
| Albumin | * plasma protein that maintains oncotic pressure (to prevent edema) and transports water-insoluble substances such as fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs * 3.4-5.0g/dL * may be decreased in malnourished states |
| Alkaline phosphatase | * 4.5-1.3 King-Armstrong units/dL * Rises with periods of bone growth and with liver disease or bile duct obstruction |
| Total protein | * 6.0-8.0g/dL * may be decreased with malnutrition, low-protein diet, GI disorders, severe liver disease, CRF, severe burns or water intoxication |
| Uric acid | * by-product of purine metabolism that is elevated in gout and is affected by dietary intake and renal function * teach client to avoid high-purine foods (liver, kidney, brain, heart, sweet breads, scallops, sardines) for 24hr prior to test |
| carbamazepine (Tegetrol) | 5-12mcg/mL |
| digoxin (Lanoxin) | 0.5-2.0ng/mL |
| ethosuximide (Zarontin) | 40-100mcg/mL |
| lithium (Lithobid) | 0.5-1.3mEg/L |
| magnesium sulfate | 4.0-7.0mg/dL |
| phenytoin (Dilantin) | 10-20mcg/mL |
| theophylline (Theo-Dur) | 10-20mcg/mL |
| valporic acid (Depakene, Depakote) | 50-100mcg/mL |
| sodium | * 135-145mEq/L |
| potassium | * 3.5-5.0mEq/L |
| calcium | * 8.5-10.5mg/dL * ionized: |
| magnesium | * 1.4-2.1mEq/L |
| chloride | * 95-108mEq/L |
| phosphate | * 2.5-4.5mg/dL |
| anion gap | 10-12mEq/L |
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