Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Bio. Cell Comm.
Unit 4 terms Cell Communication 11/15/24
| Terms | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | excitatory neurotransmitter, allows your muscles to contract and move |
| cAMP | most common 2nd messenger |
| Endocrine system/gland | secrete hormones like testosterone and estrogen into blood (ex. thyroid glands, testicles, ovaries) |
| Epinephrine | adrenaline, excitatory neurotransmitter, fight-or-flight response Ex. Epi-pen |
| Ethylene | gaseous plant hormone that encourages the ripening and maturation of fruit |
| Gap Junctions | opening between nearby animal cells, allows ions and other molecules to pass through |
| Gated ion channel | Allows certain ions through the cell membrane |
| G-Linked protein receptors | protein receptors for non-steroid ligands |
| Glycogen | polysaccharide of glucose, how animals cells store glucose |
| Insulin | ligand, signals cells to absorb glucose by facilitated diffusion |
| Intracellular Receptor | Protein receiver inside the cell |
| Kinase | Enzyme that adds phosphates to other molecules like sugar or proteins |
| Ligand | Signaling molecules |
| Local Regulators | Act on cells that are nearby (Ex. blood clotting around an open wound) |
| Membrane receptors | Protein receptors inside the membrane that respond and bind to ligands (signaling molecules) |
| MHC | (Major histocompatibility complex) act like identification tags on cells, enables the immune system to recognize and target foreign substances like viruses or bacteria while sparing healthy body cells. |
| Morphogen | Chemical substance/molecule that instructs other cells to change shape by releasing a chemical gradient. The cells will change their shape based on the concentration of morphogen they get. |
| Neurotransmitter | Ligand that signals neurons (ex. dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine) |
| Pheromones | Long-distance signaling molecules |
| Phosphorylation cascade | 1 phosphate -> 2 phosphate-> 3 phosphate -> 4 phosphate etc. |
| Plasmodesmata | Channels/gaps between plant cells |
| Quorum sensing | Sensing minimum amount of cells/bacteria before they can start a function (Ex. You first have to have a minimum of 3 eggs before you can start to bake a cake) |
| Second messenger | Molecule that relays signal to other parts of the cell, essentially acting as a "middleman" to trigger specific cellular responses |
| Target Cells | Cell that has specific receptors on its surface, responds to only one ligand |
| T-cell activation | part of immune system, occurs when a T cell recognizes an antigen and responds by initiating the immune system's cell-based functions |
| Transcription Factor | Chemical that activates DNA, signals what genes to make out of DNA |
| Transduction (signal) | Step between reception...uhhh what |
| Tyrosine-kinase receptors | cell membrane receptor for tyrosine-kinase |
| Diabetes | Type 1: born without being able to make insulin Type 2: you've eaten so much sugar your body no longer responds to insulin and your blood sugar cannot be broken down |
| Mark Drackett | occasionally funny, questionably old, almost racist white man |
Created by:
Yzou
Popular Biology sets