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Biology B Unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process of Cell Division | One cell splitting into 2 cells along with the division of it's genetic material |
| Purpose of Cell Division | Repair, growth, and reproduction of cells |
| Mitosis | A type of cell division that results in 2 senetically identical daughter cells and occurs in the body cells of multicellular organisms |
| Meiosis | A type of cell division that results in 4 genetically different daughter cells and occurs in sex cells |
| DNA | A molecule that gets coiled into a structure called a chromosome |
| number (2n) | Containing two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent |
| Interphase | The cell copies its DNA and grows in preparation for division and spends most of it's time in this state |
| Prophase | DNA and proteins condense into tightly coiled chromosomes. Centrioles begin to move to opposite sides of the cell |
| Metaphase | Spindle fibers attach to each chromosome and aligin along the middle |
| Anaphase | Chromatid separate to opposite sides of the cell |
| Telophase | Nuclear membranes start to form, chromosomes uncoil, and spindle fibers fall apart |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm is split. Two daughter cells form. Each are genetically identical |
| Diploid | The end result of Mitosis where a parent cell creates two daughter cells that are genetically identical |
| Phases of Mitosis | Interphase>Prophase>Metaphase>Anaphase>Telophase> Cytokinesis |
| Order of body composition | DNA>Chromosome>Nucleus>Cell>Tissue>Organ>Organ System>Organism |
| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell division or out of control mitosis that is faster and occurs more often than healthy cells |
| Tumors | Clumps formed from disorganized cancer cells |
| Benign | Non cancerous cells that may require removal |
| Malignant | Cancerous tumors that can metastasize when cancer cells spread beyond the original site |
| Asexual Reproduction | A form of Mitosis that creates offspring from a single parent and where the child are genetically identical to the parent |
| Fission | Parent cell doubles in size and splits dividing cytoplasm and genetic material equally and creates 2 identical cells |
| Budding | The parent organism divides itself into 2 unequal parts (a bud forms) |
| Genetic Shuffling/Crossing over | The exchange of DNA from 2 partner chromosomes during Meiosis and is the reason why cells made from Meiosis are always different |
| Gametes | Sex cells created in Meiosis |
| Ovaries/Female Organ | Create egg cells |
| Testes/Male Organ | Make sperm cells |
| Fertilization | Fusion of the nuclei of two gametes for sexual reproduction though the nucleus most have the correct number of chromosomes for a healthy organism to develop |
| Zygote | The end result of fertilization of an egg and sperm cell that can develop into an organism and has the diploid number of chromosomes |
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