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Chapter 3
terms for chapter 3
| Term | Definntion |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. |
| stress | A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. |
| shearing | Stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions. |
| tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it will becomes thinner in the middle. |
| compression | Stress the squeezes he rock till it folds or breaks. |
| deformation | A change in the volume of Earth's crust. |
| fault | A break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other. |
| strike-slip fault | It's when Earth's crust breaks and each plate goes in opposite detection. |
| reverse fault | When the foot wall goes up |
| normal fault | When the hanging wall falls. |
| folds | a geologic structure that is formed by layers or beds of rock being bent or folded. |
| fault-block mountain | Form due to the movement of large crustal blocks when forces in the Earth's crust cause it to break apart. |
| anticline | Folds happen and the anticline is the top part of the fold. |
| syncline | Folds happen and the syncline is the bottom part of the fold. |
| focus | The focus it exactly where it happened. |
| epicenter | Is the land above the focus. |
| seismic waves | vibrations in the earth that transmit energy and occur during seismic activity such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, |
| P waves | Waves that come first. |
| S waves | Waves that come second. |
| surface waves | travel more slowly through Earth material at the planet's surface and are predominantly lower frequency than body waves |
| seismograph | The recording of the ground shaking at the specific location of the instrument. |
| mercalli scale | a scale of earthquake intensity ranging from I for an earthquake detected only by seismographs to XII for one causing total destruction of all buildings. |
| Richter scale | measures the intensity or magnitude of an earthquake and represents the intensity with a scale ranging from 1 to 10. |
| Moment magnitude scale | A physical quantity proportional to the slip on the fault multiplied by the area of the fault surface that slips. |
| liquefaction | a process by which water-saturated sediment temporarily loses strength and acts like a fluid |
| aftershock | an aftereffect of a distressing or traumatic event. |
| Tsunami | a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the result of an earthquake below or near the ocean floor. |
| Base-isolated building | putting flexible bearings or pads made from layers of rubber and lead between the building's foundations and the structure above |
| DROP-COVER-HOLD | Drop down to the floor, take cover under a sturdy table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops. |
Created by:
kellerrow13
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