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Rocks and Rock Cycle
Earth Science freshman Rocks and Rock Cycle
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cementing | process where water and dissolved minerals glue sediments together |
| compacting | process of pressing layers of sediment together |
| compacting and cementing | change sediments into sedimentary rock |
| cooling and hardening | change magma into igneous rock |
| erosion | the movement of sediment from one location to another |
| example of sedimentary rock changing into metamorphic rock | limestone becomes marble |
| examples of igneous rocks | granite, pumice, obsidian, scoria |
| examples of metamorphic rocks | quartzite, slate, marble, gneiss |
| examples of sedimentary rocks | sandstone, limestone, shale, coal |
| extrusive igneous rock | lava that cools quickly outside the Earth (on the surface) |
| heat and pressure | change any rock into metamorphic rock |
| igneous rock | rock that forms when hot molten rock cools and hardens; formed through the cooling of lava or magma. Two types: extrusive (outside) and intrusive (inside) |
| intrusive igneous rock | magma that cools slowly inside the Earth |
| lava | molten rock at the Earth's surface |
| magma | molten rock below the Earth's surface |
| melting | change any rock (including sediments) into magma |
| metamorphic rock | rock that has been changed by heat and pressure inside the Earth |
| rock | A solid collection of mineral grains that grow or become cemented together. |
| rock cycle | the series of processes that slowly change one type of rock into another type of rock |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms from compressed and cemented layers of sediment |
| weathering | the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by water, wind, roots, and other processes |
| weathering and erosion | change any rock into sediments |