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Bio Lab Eam 3
Plasma Membrane, Biochemistry, Enzymes, & Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is the Plasma Membrane Selectively Permeable? | Yes It allows certain molecules or ions to pass through while blocking others based on size, charge, or solubility. |
| What Type of Transport Needs Energy? | Active transport because it moves substances from low to high concentration |
| What Type of Transport Doesn’t Need Energy? | Passive transport moves substances from high to low concentration. includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. |
| Simple Diffusion: | movement of small, nonpolar molecules (oxygen/carbon dioxide) across the plasma membrane without the use of energy or a carrier protein. |
| What Are Carriers? | proteins that facilitate the transport of specific molecules across the membrane. |
| What Are Leaky Channels | are always open, allowing ions or molecules to pass through freely. |
| What Are Gated Channels | Gated channels open and close in response to signals |
| Aquaporins | membrane proteins that form channels specifically for water molecules (in osmosis) to move rapidly across the membrane. |
| Osmosis | the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. |
| Hypertonic solution: | Higher solute concentration outside the cell. Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. |
| Hypotonic solution: | Lower solute concentration outside the cell. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst. |
| Isotonic solution: | Equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell. No movement of water. |
| Symporter: | transports 2 substances in the same direction across the membrane. |
| Antiporter: | transports 1 substance into cell while transporting a diff one out of cell |
| Endocytosis: | Transport into cell |
| Exocytosis: | Transport out of cell |
| Pinocytosis: | Cell drinking, fluid phase endocytosis |
| Transcytosis: | Transport in, across, and then out the cell |
| Phagocytosis: | Cell eating, uses amoeboid motion |
| Amoeboid Motion: | used by phagocytosis, cytoplasm flows into temporary detentions allowing cell to creep |
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | extracellular substances bind to specific receptor proteins enabling cell to ingest. |
| Vesicular Trafficking | transport from one area in cell to another |
| Mass: | The amount of matter in an object |
| Matter: | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Weight | the pull of gravity |
| Charge of a Neutron | no charge |
| What Particles Are in the Nucleus? | protons and neutrons |
| Can Elements Be Broken Down? | no because they are the most basic form of matter. |
| What Elements Make Up 96% of All Organisms? | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen. |
| Compound: | A substance formed from 2+ different elements bonded together ( H2O). |
| Molecule: | 2+ atoms bonded together (can be same) |
| Ion: | An atom that has gained/lost1+ electrons, resulting in a charge. |
| Do Atoms Gain or Lose Electrons? | Atoms can either gain or lose electrons to form ions. The goal is to achieve a more stable electron configuration. |
| In Water, Is Oxygen More Positive or Negative Charged? | more negative because it attracts electrons more strongly |
| In Water, Is Hydrogen More Positive or Negative Charged? | more positive because it has a partial positive charge due to the unequal sharing of electrons |
| he 4 Macromolecules | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids |
| What Is a Chemical Reaction? | change a set of chemicals into another involves breaking bonds and forming new ones |
| Homeostasis | maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes |
| Exergonic Reactions: | Chemical reactions that release energy (cellular respiration). Spontaneously |
| Endergonic Reactions: | Chemical reactions that absorb energy (photosynthesis). needs energy source |
| Biochemistry | the study of structure, composition, and chemical reactions that occur in living things |
| Metabolism: | The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism. |
| Anabolism: | The building up of molecules using energy |
| Catabolism: | The breaking down of molecules releasing energy |
| Enzymes | proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. |
| Catalysts | speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. |
| What Do Most Enzymes End in? | ase |
| Enzyme Specificity: | Enzymes are specific to their substrates (the molecules they act upon) |
| lock and key | a specific key (substrate) fits into a specific lock (enzyme active site) |
| Damaged Protein Called | denatured |
| Ways to Damage a Protein | heat, pH changes, or chemicals. |
| Cellular Respiration | reactants within cell resulting in tap synthesis using energy stored in glucose |
| Aerobic respiration | needs oxygen as final e- acceptor |
| Fermentation | doesn't need oxygen as final e- acceptor. produces less ATP |
| What Do Plants and Fungal Cells Produce as a Result of Fermentation? | Alcohol |
| What Do Animal Cells Produce as a Result of Fermentation? | Lactic acid |
Created by:
mahak
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