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Diagnostic Tests

QuestionAnswer
Radiographic exam with fluoroscopy to locate obstruction, ulceration, or growths in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum Upper GI series (UGI)
Radiographic exam of the colon using fluoroscopy to locate tumors, obstruction, and ulceration Barium enema (BE) (lower GI tract radiography)
To detect tumors, abscesses, trauma, cysts, inflammation, and bleeding (CT)—abdomen
Noninvasive method of determining whether there are polyps or abnormalities in the colon Virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography)
To evaluate abnormalities in the liver or other abdominal structures. (MRI) with or without contrast
To diagnose gallstones, tumor, cysts, abscess, etc. Ultrasonography
To determine bile flow distribution in the liver, biliary tree, gallbladder, and proximal small bowel To confirm acute cholecystitis Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (hepatic iminodiacetic acid [HIDA] scan)
To determine site of active GI bleeding. Used primarily for lower GI bleeding. GI scintigraphy
To directly view the lining of the colon with a flexible endoscope Colonoscopy
To remove a tissue sample for microscopic examination and diagnosis of various liver disorders Liver biopsy
Tests for occult blood. Used as a colon cancer screening tool. Guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT)
Stool is examined microscopically for the presence of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites Stool culture
To detect abnormal bilirubin metabolism Serum bilirubin
when bilirubin is >2.5 mg/dL what does this indicate jaundice
An enzyme used to detect liver disease Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
(ALT) Normal value 4–36 international units/L
An enzyme found in heart, liver, and muscle tissue To detect acute hepatitis or biliary obstruction Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) normal range: 0–35 units/L
Enzyme found in bone, liver, and placenta To detect liver tumor in conjunction with other clinical findings Rises when there is obstruction of biliary tree Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
A product of protein metabolism To support diagnosis of severe liver disease with encephalopathy ammonia normal range: 10–80 mcg/dL
To detect liver cell dysfunction, biliary obstruction, cholangitis, or cholecystitis Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
to detect altered protein metabolism Decreased in liver failure Total protein normal range: 6.4–8.3 g/dL
To detect altered protein metabolism Albumin normal range: 3.5–5.5 g/dL
Protein produced by the liver and used in blood clotting Prothrombin time (PT) Normal range: 11.0–12.5 sec
To detect antibodies to H. pylori bacterium in the stomach Helicobacter pylori antibody test
Created by: user-1842940
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