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Ch#1 B2
getting started
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| micrscope | an instrument that makes small objects look larger |
| cell theroy | a widely accepted of the relationship between cells and living things |
| cell wall | a rigid supporting layer that surrounds the scells of plants and some other organisms |
| cell membrene | a thin flexible barrier that surrondes a cell ond controls which substances pass into and out of a cell |
| nucleus | in cells a large oval organelle that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA and controls the cells activities |
| organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| ribosome | a small grain shaped organelle in the cytoplasem of a cell that produces protiens |
| cytoplasm | the thick fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or betweenthe cell membrane and the nucleus |
| mitocondria | rod shaped organelles that convert energy in food melcules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an oganelle that forms a maze of passage ways in which proteins and other materials from part of a cell to another |
| Golgi apparatus | an organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed matterieals from the Endoplasmic rectulum packages packages them and distributes them to other parts of a cell |
| vacuole | a sac like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials |
| chlorplast | an organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it inti a energy form that cells can use in making food |
| lysosome | a cell organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| multelecular | concisting of many cells |
| uneicectellar | made of a single cell |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that preform a specific function |
| organ | a body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissues that work together |
| organ system | a group o organs that work together to preform a major function |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken downinto other substances by chemical or physical means |
| compound | a substance made of two r more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio or proportion |
| carbohydrate | an energy rich organic compound such as a sugar that is made of the elements carbon hydrogen, and oxygen |
| lipid | an energy rich organic compound such a as a fat oil or wax that is made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
| protien | large organic molecule made of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sometimes sulfur |
| enzyme | a type of protien that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| nucleic acid | a very large organic molecule made of carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus that contains the instructions cells need to carry out functions |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid the genetic material that carries out information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
| double helix | the shape of a DNA molecule |
| selectively permable | a property of a cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot |
| passive transport | the movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
| diffusuion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concetration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permable membrane |
| active transport | the movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which the cell membrane takes particles into the cell by changing shape and engulfing the particles |
| exocosys | the process by which the valocule surrounding particles fuses with the cell membraneforcing the contents out of the cell |
Created by:
avitale036
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