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Earthquake Vocab

TermDefinition
Stress A force that acts on a rock to change its shape.
Tension Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
Compression Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
Shearing Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement.
Normal fault A fault caused by tension in the crust
Reverse fault A fault caused by compression in the crust
Strike-slip fault A fault caused by shearing
Earthquake The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
Focus The point beneath Earth's surface where rock first breaks under stress and causes an earthquake.
epicenter The point on an Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
P wave A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground.
S wave A type of seismic wave that in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
surface wave A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach earth's surface.
seismograph A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they moves through Earth.
Modified Mercalli scale A scale that measures the amount of shaking from an earthquake.
magnitude The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults.
Richter scale A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.
moment magnitude scale A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by the earthquake.
seismogram The record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph
plateau A large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface
Created by: kenoch2
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