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Terms Quiz #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | the nucleic acid that contains all of an individuals genes. Found in the nucleus of every cell. |
| Genes | a region on DNA that contains the code for making a gene. |
| Alleles | Different forms of a gene |
| Dominant | an allele that is always expressed |
| Recessive | an allele that will be expressed only when the person is homozygous. It is hidden or partially hidden in the presence of a dominant allele. |
| Genotype | a two letter code that describes which alleles a person has |
| Homozygous | having the same 2 alleles |
| Heterozygous | Having different alleles for a gene |
| Expressed | the allele that we can see evidence of. |
| Phenotype | describes what characteristics are produced as a result of having a certain genotype. |
| Chromosomes | the combination of DNA and proteins found in a cell that is going through mitosis. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are visible under a standard light microscope |
| Autosomes | Chromosome pairs 1-22 |
| Sex Chromosomes | The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans |
| Karyotype | describes the microscopic appearance of the chromosomes |
| Diploid | having the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes |
| Aneuploid | having an abnormal number of chromosomes |
| Monosomy | missing a chromosome. Monosomy 18 means that the person only has one copy of chromosomes 18. |
| Trisomy | having an extra copy of a chromosome |
| Hematocrit | the percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume | the average size of a RBC |
| Anemia's | a groups of diseases that results in the dramatic increase in the number of leukoblasts |
| Polycythemia | having an abnormally high number of erythrocytes |
| Pancytopenia | a decrease in the number of all normal blood cells |
| Erthrocytopenia | a decrease in the number of erythrocytes |
| Leukopenia | a decrease in the number of white blood cells |
| Thrombocytopenia | having a low number of platelets |
| Hemophilia | a genetic decrease in the activity of one of the clotting factors |
| Thallasemias | a group of genetic anemia's resulting in the decrease in the synthesis of globin chains |
| Intrinsic factor (General) | any factor within the body |
| Intrinsic Factor (for pernicious anemia) | a protein secreted by the gastric glans that is needed for the absorption of B12 |
| Extrinsic Factor (General) | any factor coming from outside of the body |
| Extrinsic Factor (for pernicious anemia) | B12 (cyanocobalamine) |
| Auscultation | any diagnostic procedure that listens to body sounds |
| Echocardiography | an ultrasound of the heart |
| Stress Test | an electrocardiogram performed while the heart rate is elevated |
| Angiography | a contrast x-ray showing circulation |
| Cardiac Markers | proteins released from damaged cardiac tissue into the blood. For MI |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm | having a normal heart rhythm est. by the sinoatrial node |
| Bradycardia | having a resting rate less that 60 BPM |
| Tachycardia | having a resting rate of greater than 100 BPM |
| Valvular Incompetence | that ability of valve to open completely |
| Valvular Stenosis | the inability of a valve to either open or close properly |
| Valvular Prolapse | when one of the AV valves swings up into the atrium when it should she closed |
| Atherosclerosis | the build up of fatty deposits within the blood vessels |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| Arteriostenosis | narrowing of the arteries |
| Ischemia | a local decrease in blood flow due to obstruction |
| Angina Pectoris | chest pains as a result of MI |
| MI: Myocardial Infarction | ischemic necrosis of the heart muscle. |
| TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) | a temporary decrease in cerebral function as a result of ischemia. Can affect sensory, integrative, or motor functions, usually lasts 48 hours. |
| Cerebral Infarction (Stroke) | ischemic necrosis of the cerebrum |
| Secondary Hypertension | chronic high blood pressure that is a complication of another condition |
| Primary (Essential) Hypertension | chronic high blood pressure of an unknown origin |
| Aneurysm | localized dilation of any artery or chamber of the heart as a result of a weakness in the wall. |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood from the lungs |
| Hypoxia | a lack of oxygen |
| Hypercapnea | an excess of carbon dioxide |
| Respiratory Acidosis | a decrease in the pH of body fluids as a result of a buildup of carbon dioxide |
| Atelectasis | a partial or complete collapse of lung tissue |
| Pneumnothorax | a partial or complete collapse of lung tissue |
| Bullae | a group of over inflated alveloi |
| Ulcer | a lesion through the skin or a mucous membrane |
| Peptic Ulcer | a lesion caused by pepsin |
| Duodenal Ulcer | a lesion in the mucosal lining of the duodenum |
| Gastric Ulcer | a lesion in the mucosal lining of the stomach |
| Esophageal Ulcer | a lesion in the mucosal lining of the esophagus |
| Diverticulum | a pouch or sac that develops off of a tubular structure such as the intestine |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of a pouch or sac opening off of a tubular structure |
| Cholelithiasis | the presence of stone within the gallbladder or biliary ducts |
| Neuropathy | a disease of the nervous tissue |
| Myopathy | a disease of the muscle tissue |
| Bun (Blood Urea Nitrogen) | a blood test used as an indicator of kidney function. It measures the quantity of urea, which is the waste product of protein metabolism |
| Creatinine Clearance | a measure of kidney function that compares the quantity of creatinine excreted in the urine over a 24 hour period to the concentration of creatinine in the blood |
| Cystoscopy | using an endoscope to examine the urinary bladder |
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