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TL Imbalances
Match signs and symptoms to fluid and electrolyte imbalances
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anorexia, N&V, weakness, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps, twitching, seizures | hyponatremia |
| Tetany, precipitation in nonosseus tissue | hyperphosphatemia |
| Thirst, hyperpyrexia, sticky mucous membranes, dry mouth, hallucinations, lethargy, irritability, seizures | hypernatremia |
| Paresthesia, muscle weakness, muscle pain, mental changes cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure | hypophosphatemia |
| Fatigue, Anorexia, N&V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T wave | hypokalemia |
| Flushing, hypotension, drowsiness, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, depressed respirations, bradycardia | hypermagnesemia |
| Muscle weakness, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, Flaccid paralysis, Intestinal colic, Tall T waves | hyperkalemia |
| Muscle weakness, constipation, anorexia, N&V, polyuria, polydipsia, neurosis, dysrhythmias | hypercalcemia |
| Diarrhea, numbness, tingling of extremities, convulsions, positive Trousseu sign, positive Chvotek’s sign, tetany | hypocalcemia |
| Anorexia, distention, neuromuscular irritability, Depression, Disorientation | hypomagnesemia |
| Poor skin turgor | Fluid volume deficit |
| Cold, clammy skin (2) | Na+ deficit, shift of plasma to interstitial fluid |
| Pitting edema | Fluid volume excess |
| Flushed dry skin | Na+ excess |
| Bounding pulse | Fluid volume excess, shift of interstitial fluid to plasma |
| Rapid, weak, thready pulse | Shift of plasma to interstitial fluid, Na+ deficit, fluid volume deficit |
| Weak, irregular, rapid pulse | Severe K+ deficit |
| Weak, irregular, slow pulse | Severe K+ excess |
| Hypotension | Fluid volume deficit, Shift of plasma to interstitial fluid, Na+ deficit |
| Hypertension | Fluid volume excess, shift of interstitial fluid to plasma |
| Deep, rapid breathing | compensation for metabolic acidosis |
| Shallow, slow, irregular breathing | compensation for metabolic alkalosis |
| Shortness of breath | fluid volume excess |
| Moist crackles | fluid volume excess, shift of interstitial fluid to plasma |
| Restricted airway | Ca2+ deficit |
| Cramping of exercised muscle | ca2+ deficit, Mg+deficit, alkalosis |
| Carpal spasm (Trousseau’s sign) | ca2+ deficit, Mg+deficit, alkalosis |
| Flabby muscle | K+ deficit |
| Positive Chvotek’s sign | ca2+ deficit, Mg+deficit, alkalosis |
| Picking at bedclothes | K+ deficit, Mg+ deficit |
| Indifference | Fluid volume deficit, Na+ deficit |
| Apprehension | Shift of plasma to interstitial fluid |
| Extreme restlessness | K+ excess, Na+ excess, Fluid volume deficit |
| Confusion and irritability | K+ deficit, Fluid volume excess, Ca2+ excess, Mg+ excess, H2O excess, Na+deficit |
| Decreased level of consciousness | Na+ deficit, H2O excess |
| Hyponatremia (F,MW, MT, DST, HA, T, S, C) | fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle twitching, decreased skin turgor, headache, tremor, seizures, coma |
| Hypermagnesmia (D, L, C, A, H, VNC, VGIS, PV, FF,SOW, SWP) | Drowsiness, lethargy, coma, arrhythmias, hypotension, vague neuromuscular changes – like tremor, vague GI symptoms- Like nausea, peripheral vasoldilation, facial flushing, sense of warmth, slow, weak pulse |
| Hypokalemia (Decreased: G, SM, CMF, R, BP, BM – CA;RWIP;MWOI,F,PI) | Cardiac Arrhythmias; Rapid Weak, Irregular Pulse; Fatigue; Paralytic Ileus. Decreased: GI, Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle Function, Reflexes, Blood Pressure, Bowel Motility |
| Hyperphosphatemia (RF, VNE – T AND S, A, MT) | Renal failure, Vague neuro-excitability to tetany and seizures, arrhythmias and muscle twitching with sudden rise in phosphate level. |
| Hypocalcemia (MT, MC, T, T-CS, P, B, A, H,N/T in T,F, and M) | Muscle Tremor, Muscle Cramps, Tetany, Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Paresthesia, Bleeding, Arrhythmias, Hypotension, Numbness and Tingling in the fingers, toes and around the mouth |
| Hyperchloremia (S, RDB, MW) | Stupor, Rapid Deep Breathing, Muscle Weakness |
| Hypochloremia ( IME, T, DR) | Increased muscle excitability, tetany, decreased respirations |
| Hypercalcemia (L, F, D, C, H, MF, N, V, A, C, H, P, CA, SQI, WTW) | Lethargy, fatigue, depression, confusion, headache, muscle flaccidity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, hypertension, polyuria, cardiac arrhythmias, ECG changes: Shortened QT interval, Widened T wave |
| Hypophosphatemia (P – c and p, L, SD –S or S, MP and T) | Paresthesia (circumoral and peripheral), Lethargy, Speech defects (stuttering or stammering), Muscle pain and Tenderness |
| HyperKalemia (MW, N,V, D, O, P, CA) | Muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, oliguria, paresthesia (altered sensation of the face, tongue, hands, and feet), Cardiac Arrhythmias |
| Hypomagnesemia (D, C, S, T, L and F C, H, A, VC, A, N) | Dizziness, confusion, seizures, tremor, leg and foot cramps, hyperirritability, arrhythmias, vasomotor changes, anorexia, nausea |
| Hypernatremia (T, F, FS, O, D, DSMM) | Thirst, Fever, Flushed Skin, Oliguria, Disorientation, Dry and Sticky Mucous Membranes |
| Fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle twitching, decreased skin turgor, headache, tremor, seizures, coma | Hyponatremia |
| Drowsiness, lethargy, coma, arrhythmias, hypotension, vague neuromuscular changes – like tremor, vague GI symptoms- Like nausea, peripheral vasoldilation, facial flushing, sense of warmth, slow, weak pulse | hypermagnesemia |
| Cardiac Arrhythmias; Rapid Weak, Irregular Pulse; Fatigue; Paralytic Ileus. Decreased: GI, Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Muscle Function, Reflexes, Blood Pressure, Bowel Motility | Hypokalemia |
| Renal failure, Vague neuro-excitability to tetany and seizures, arrhythmias and muscle twitching with sudden rise in phosphate level | hyperphosphatemia |
| Muscle Tremor, Muscle Cramps, Tetany, Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Paresthesia, Bleeding, Arrhythmias, Hypotension, Numbness and Tingling in the fingers, toes and around the mouth | Hypocalcemia |
| Stupor, Rapid Deep Breathing, Muscle Weakness | Hyperchloremia |
| Increased muscle excitability, tetany, decreased respirations | Hypochloremia |
| Lethargy, fatigue, depression, confusion, headache, muscle flaccidity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, hypertension, polyuria, cardiac arrhythmias, ECG changes: Shortened QT interval, Widened T wave | Hypercalcemia |
| Paresthesia (circumoral and peripheral), Lethargy, Speech defects (stuttering or stammering), Muscle pain and Tenderness | Hypophosphatemia |
| Muscle weakness, nausea, diarrhea, oliguria, paresthesia (altered sensation of the face, tongue, hands, and feet), Cardiac Arrhythmias | HyperKalemia |
| Dizziness, confusion, seizures, tremor, leg and foot cramps, hyperirritability, arrhythmias, vasomotor changes, anorexia, nausea | Hypomagnesemia |
| Thirst, Fever, Flushed Skin, Oliguria, Disorientation, Dry and Sticky Mucous Membranes | Hypernatremia |
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Perseverandovercome
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