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Life Science Exam 5
Content covering chapter 23
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Some women suffer from severe cramps during their menstrual cycles, requiring medical attention. This is a condition called dysmenorrhea. Based on your knowledge of the female reproductive tract, which structure most likely causes this condition? | Uterus |
| During which process does the shedding of the endometrium occur? | Menstruation |
| In which structure does fertilization take place? | Oviduct |
| What hormone(s) are produced and released by the corpus luteum following ovulation? | Both estrogen and progesterone |
| What hormones function in both the male and female reproductive system? | Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone |
| The detection of which of the following hormones would indicate pregnancy? | Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone made by the early embryo |
| Which method of birth control prevents follicle development? | Birth control pill |
| Which conception control method is most effective? | Vaginal ring |
| A surge in which hormone is responsible for ovulation? | LH |
| During the menstrual cycle, what is the main source of progesterone in females? | Corpus luteum |
| In the graph depicting the levels of various hormones, what event would prevent the decline in estrogen and progesterone seen toward the end of the 28-day menstrual cycle? | Fertilization |
| Which condition decreases the probability that fertilization will take place? | The upper vagina is an acidic environment |
| The zona pellucida... | Acts as a binding site for the sperm head |
| What tissue in the gastrula gives rise to muscle? | Mesoderm |
| What hormone is responsible for milk production and secretion during and after pregnancy? | Prolactin |
| What process refers to cells that become more specialized in their function? | Differentiation |
| What is formed by the three layers of tissue that include the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm? | Gastrula |
| Which of the following is mismatched? | Mesoderm → eye |
| Which hormone is responsible for the production of breast milk? | Prolactin |
| What is the role of the acrosomal enzymes? | To allow the sperm cell to penetrate the egg |
| What is the name of the embryo when it first forms a hollow ball of cells? | Blastocyst |
| What is the name of the embryo when it first forms a solid ball of cells? | Morula |
| What is the name of the embryo when it first contains three cell layers? | Gastrula |
| At what point during pregnancy is the unborn child called a fetus? | After the growing cells look like a miniature version of a human |
| The chapter mentions that the outermost cells of the early cell mass will form structures that nourish and protect the inner cells that then further develop into the embryo. Name one of these nourishing and/or protecting structures | Amnion |
| When does the embryo replace the mother's blood cells with its own in its circulatory system? | The embryo always produces its own blood cells |
| The Zika virus is particularly dangerous to an unborn child during... | The first 3 months of pregnancy |
| The uterine lining is called the ________ | Endometrium |
| What is the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the woman's hypothalamus? | Stimulates the release LH and FSH |
| What role does the progesterone in birth control play in preventing pregnancy? | Impedes sperm ascent by thickening the mucus in the cervix |
| What triggers ovulation? | A rise and then drop in estrogen levels |
| A group of cells in the ovary that support a developing egg are together called the ________ | Follicle |
| Which method of birth control protects against sexually transmitted infections? | None of these protect against sexually transmitted infections |
| Which of the following methods of birth control is the most effective at preventing an unwanted pregnancy? | Birth control pill |
| Which of the following sexually transmitted infections has no cure? | Herpes |
| Sperm can survive for up to 5 days in the woman's reproductive tract and the egg can survive for up to 24 hours after it is released from the ovary. When then during a normal 28-day menstrual cycle is a woman likely to become pregnant if she has sex? | Days 9-14 |
| When a baby breastfeeds, the suckling causes the woman to produce a hormone that then causes more milk to be produced. Lactation is therefore under what type of feedback control mechanism? | Positive |
| Pitocin, a synthetic version of an oxytocin, is sometimes given to women just prior to labor and delivery. What does pitocin do? | Blocks pain signals from reaching the brain |
| What can cross the placenta and affect a developing embryo? | All of these |
| The Zika virus has not been shown to be transmitted from one person to another through ________ | Breastfeeding |
| What diameter will the cervix dilate to prior to delivery? | 10 cm |
| What causes the cervix to dilate prior to delivery? | Contractions of the uterus push the baby against the cervix |
| Oxytocin is a brain neurotransmitter w/ calm effect; called the "love hormone." It also plays a role in labor/ delivery when released into the bloodstream/ binds to the uterus. What stimulates oxytocin receptors to form on the uterus? | Increasing estrogen levels |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
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