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Life Science Exam 5
Content convering chapter 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| You're treating a patient who is abnormally short and find normal blood levels of growth hormone. Based on this evidence, what can you determine about the patient? | The patient lacks receptors for growth hormone |
| Consider the figure illustrating the two major classes of hormones and their actions. Which class of hormones would you expect to be ideally suited for long term processes such as growth and development? | Steroid hormones, because they can turn specific genes on or off |
| Which endocrine gland is involved in producing immune cells? | Thymus |
| A young person suffered a head injury that damaged her pituitary. As this person got older, what condition was the only thing that she and her doctors found that was unaffected by the injury? | Blood sugar level |
| Unlike most steroid-based hormones, how will protein hormones typically work? | By binding to receptors on the surface of target cells |
| What type of cells respond to a particular hormone? | Target |
| Why do sex hormones and other steroids take much longer to produce their effects than nonsteroid hormones do? | Steroids cause target cells to make new proteins, which takes time |
| A patient is exhibiting symptoms that include lethargy, weight gain, and abnormal blood levels of calcium. Where does the patient potentially have a tumor? | Thyroid gland |
| You have just eaten a candy bar and your blood glucose levels are rising. This will activate which organ of the endocrine system? | Pancreas |
| Which structure controls the activity of all the others? | Hypothalamus |
| The lack of which hormone would cause an adult man to exhibit a low sperm count and possibly be infertile? | FSH |
| Suddenly, you find yourself in a situation in which someone is shooting live ammunition at you. Which hormone is likely to be one of the first secreted as a direct response to this situation? | Epinephrine |
| Which change is a sign of puberty occurring in males? | Underarm hair growth |
| You are a famous endocrinologist and are presented with a case in which a genetically determined male (XY) exhibits secondary female characteristics, including breast development/ lack of facial hair growth. What may you hypothesize about this patient? | He may lack receptors for testosterone |
| A fertility doctor suggests to a couple trying to have a baby that the husband switch from tight briefs to loose-fitting boxers. Why? | Sperm production is reduced at body temperature |
| You're treating a patient who experienced a fracture to her appendicular skeleton. Which bone would need to be treated? | Tibia |
| tumor in an endocrine gland caused Jane to have weakened bones and unusually high levels of blood calcium. Which gland was affected? | Parathyroid gland |
| Marble bone disease is a disease in which bone increases in mass and becomes abnormally hard. This disorder is most likely caused by the inactivity of which part of the body? | Osteoclasts |
| Refer to the figure to answer the following question: Which component of bone is responsible for producing blood cells? | Marrow |
| Which is an important function of the skeletal system? | Providing support for the body |
| Which body structure is part of the axial skeleton? | Skull |
| Which component of bone tissue forms the hard outer shell of bones? | Compact bone |
| Which endocrine glands are involved in calcium homeostasis? | Thyroid and parathyroid |
| How do the hormones involved in blood calcium homeostasis actually function? | Calcitonin acts to lower blood calcium levels, and parathyroid hormone acts to raise blood calcium |
| How does growth during puberty affect the differences in male and female skeletons? | Men will have longer legs and arms than women |
| Which bones do not differ between males and females of similar sizes? | Vertebrae |
| Why are women more proficient than men on the balance beam apparatus used in gymnastics? | Women have a lower center of gravity because their torsos are long relative to leg length |
| Which of the following is not a recommended way to reduce your chance of osteoporosis? | Diet rich in vitamin E |
| A pitcher throws a baseball by lowering the forearm to straighten the arm. During this movement, the biceps muscle ________ and the triceps muscle ________ | Relaxes; contracts |
| What connects a muscle to a bone? | Tendon |
| How does a sarcomere shorten using the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? | Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but they do slide past each other |
| Why does skeletal muscle have a striated appearance? | Regular arrangement of myofibrils |
| Skeletal muscle is involved with which function? | Voluntary movement |
| Arm and leg muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. How does this affect their functioning? | It allows the muscles to produce opposing movements |
| Which muscle component is smallest? | Myosin filament |
| Into what units are the myofibrils of skeletal muscle organized? | Sarcomeres |
| Without the protein myosin, what structures would also be missing in a muscle? | Thick filaments |
| What happens to a sarcomere when muscle contraction occurs? | It shortens |
| In general, what hormone is produced in greater quantities in males that allows them to have a greater muscle mass than females? | Testosterone |
| When a person dies, muscles become rigid and fixed in position. This is a condition known as rigor mortis. Why does rigor mortis occur? | ATP is not available to release myosin heads from actin filaments |
| Studies have demonstrated that in some cases, female marathon runners don't exhibit a normal menstrual cycle. What fact could explain this condition in female runners? | The women do not have enough body fat |
| Which of the following is true regarding males and females of similar size? | By storing more fat than men, women are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease |
| Mary is a long-distance runner and trains regularly. Recently, Mary and her husband have unsuccessfully tried to conceive a child. To improve her chances of getting pregnant, why does her doctor suggest that she should stop training? | Low levels of body fat may cause menstruation to cease |
| Why do men typically have larger, more defined muscles than similarly sized women? | Testosterone stimulates the muscle cells to grow larger in a man |
| If healthy men have a range of body fat from 3 to 29% and healthy women have a range of body fat from 12 to 32%, what would you predict for the sex of an individual having 20% body fat? | The individual's sex can't be predicted from body fat percentage |
| f two people of the same weight but with different body fat percentages, drink the same amount of alcohol, who will have the higher blood alcohol level and why? | The person with the higher % body fat because they have less overall blood volume |
| What is the name of the hormone that tells the brain that it has insufficient fat stores to sustain a pregnancy and thus prevent the menstrual cycle from occurring? | Leptin |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
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