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Plant Families

FamilyDescription
Ambrorellaceae 1 species; no vessels; evergreen; unisexual flowers, monoescious; undifferentiated spiral perianth; apocarpous gynoecium; many anthers
Nymphaeaceae water lilies; floating leaves; solitary flowers, spiral; fused carpels; laminar stamen
Lauraceae laurels; perennial tree/shrub; aromatic oil glands; evergreen; undifferentiated perianth; flaps/valves hold pollen; bay, cinnamon, camphor, avocado
Magnoliaceae tree/shrub; solitary flower; petaloid perianth; many stamens; apocarpous gynoecium; aggregate follicles (clustered into 1 fruit from 1 flower); sarcotesta (fleshy seed coat)
Aristolochiaceae birthworts; reduced or absent corolla; showy calyx; stamens adnate to style; pollination trap (carrion smell)
Piperaceae black pepper; lack perianth; spadix with very small flowers
Ranunculaceae buttercups; herbaceous; alkaloids; apocarpous; simple or compound leaves; many stamens; diverse flower morphology, correlate with pollination
Papaveraceae poppies; herbaceous; milky latex; alkaloids; twice as many petals as sepals; syncarpous; capsules open to release seeds
Droseraceae sundews; carnivorous; trap leaves; glandular trichomes
Nepenthaceae pitcher plants; carnivorous; connate stamens form tube around gynoecium
Aizoaceae iceplants; opposite succulent leaves; C4 or CAM; solitary or cymose(?) flowers; perianth uniseriate; petaloid staminodes; many stamens; betalain
Cactaceae cacti; stem-succulent; CAM; reduced or absent leaves; leaf spines; many spiral perianth parts
Fabaceae bean/peas; stipulate, often compound leaves; pentamous flowers; single unicarpalous pistil; legume fruit; follicular; marginal placentation; symbiotic bacteria fixes nitrogen
Caesalpinioideae subfamily; not a clade; zygomorphic flowers; posterior petal inner to lateral petals; distinct stamens
Mimosoideae subfamily; actinomorphic flowers; distinct or connate petals; showy stamens; densely aggregated flowers
Faboideae subfamily: zygomorphic flowers; connate stamens; posterior petal outer to lateral petals; butterfly perianth; anterior petals basally distinct, distally connate
Betulaceae birches; monoecious; tree/shrub; simple toothed leaves; drooping catkins with many tiny flowers; lots of pollen; wind pollination
Fagaceae oaks, beeches; monoecious; trees; simple leaves; catkins; white (round lobe) vs red (spikey)
Juglandaceae walnuts, pecans, hickories; monoecious or dioecious; catkins; pinnate leaves
Rosaceae roses; stipulate leaves; actinomorphic pentamerous flower; hypanthium; many stamens; hip fruits; many unfused carpels in one flower; symbiotic bacteria fixes nitrogen; strawberry, apple, chokecherry, mountain mahogany
Brassicaceae mustards; usually herbaceous; oil glucosids; perianth cruciate; tetradynamous stamens; 2-carpellate ovary; broccoli, cauliflower, horseradish
Malvaceae stellate trichomes; epicalyx; connate stamens with fused filaments and free anthers; tropics; mallow, holly leaf, hibiscus, globemallow
Anacardiaceae cashews; herbs to trees; resin ducts; sumacs, poison oak, poison ivy
Asteraceae sunflowers; capitulum; disk or ray or both flowers; connate anthers with free filaments; brachts; fruit topped with pappus, modified calyx; wind or animal dispersal
Cornaceae dogwoods; tree/shrub; simple opposite leaves; showy petaloid bracts; poinsettias
Ericaceae blueberry, heath; evergreen shrubs; coriaceous leaves; poricidal stamens
Sarraceniaceae pitcher plants; bogs; carnivorous; large nodding flowers; persistent petals and deciduous sepals
Apiaceae carrots; herbaceous; sheathing leaves; involucrate compound umbel; dill, celery, coriander, cumin, fennel, parsley, poison hemlock
Lamiaceae mints; herbaceous/shrubs; aromatic with ethereal oils; 4-sided stems; bilabiate flowers; opposite leaves; sets of whorls of flowers; rosemary, thyme, catnip
Solanaceae nightshades; actinomorphic; pentamerous; poricidal; alkaloids; pepper, tomato, potato, tobacco
Araceae arums; bifacial leaf; parallel venation; spadix inflorescence within spathe; taro, duckweed, water lettuce, Monstera
Musaceae bananas; spiral leaf; monoecious
Strelitziaceae bird-of-paradise; paired leaves branch off; mechanical feature for pollination
Zingiberaceae true gingers; single dithecal stamen; petaloid labellum from staminodes; tumeric, cardamom
Arecaceae palms; "trees"; large sheathing plicate leaves; drupe fruit; coconut, Açai, dates, oil palm
Poaceae grasses; on Antarctica; hollow stem or pith; open-sheathed distichous leaves; ligules; spikelets with two bracts; intercalary meristem; rye, barley, oat, millet, sugar cane, bamboo, maize
Cyperaceae sedges; 3-sided stem; solid pith stem; close-sheathed tristichous leaves; spikelets with one bract; achene fruit; indistinct nodes; papyrus, water chestnut
Juncaceae rushes; perennial herbs; spiral sheathing leaves; trimerous actinomorphic bisexual flower; capsule fruit; round solid stem
Created by: chirichiri
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