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8A Reproduction

8A Biological reproduction, meiosis, crossing-over and genetic diversity

TermDefinition
Reproduction Biological process by which an organism can produce offspring.
Sexual reproduction Requires of two parents, sperm fertilizes an egg, combines genes from both parents and generates genetic variation.
Asexual reproduction. A-means without. One parent split in two, making an exact copy of itself. No genetic variation
Gametes Sex cells, sperm and egg.
Meiosis Specialized cell division produces gamete cell, sperm and eggs.
Chromosomes Threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA. Condense and appear during cell division (Mitosis/Meiosis).
Somatic cells Body cells.
Diploid cells Cells that have a two set of chromosomes (One from the mother and other from the father). For example, 46 chromosomes in humans.
Haploid cell Gamete cells that have one set of chromosomes (Half o the total). For example, 23 chromosomes in human sperm or eggs.
Cross-over Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, resulting in new combinations of genes on each chromosome, contributing to genetic diversity in offspring.
Sister chromatids Identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a centromere and are separated during cell division, mitosis or meiosis.
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