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Biodiversity
Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Species richness | The number of species in a community |
| Species evenness | The abundance of each species |
| Species diversity | The number and types of species in a given area, and the abundance of each species |
| Genetic diversity | the variety of genes in a species |
| Ecosystem diversity | the variety of ecosystems and habitats within a specific geographical area |
| Primary succession | the initial stage of ecological succession, where plants and animals first colonize a new, barren area. |
| Secondary succession | an ecological process where a disturbed area, like one affected by a fire, flood, or human activity, is recolonized by plants and animals |
| Climax community | Full ecosystem(forest) |
| Specialist (species) | a species that can only survive in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. |
| Generalist (species) | a plant or animal that can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions and eat a variety of foods. |
| Background extinction | the gradual or rapid process by which species become extinct due to natural evolutionary processes. |
| Mass extinction | Population of one or more species decreasing rapidly |
| Extirpation (local extinction) | when a species or organism ceases to exist in a specific area but still exists elsewhere. |
| Habitat fragmentation | occurs when a large area of habitat is divided into smaller, isolated pieces. |
| Adaptation | A certain species changing their genes/mindset to survive in a certain environment |
| Genetic bottleneck | a sudden reduction in the size of a population that limits the genetic diversity of the species. |
| Biodiversity hotspot | a region that meets strict criteria for having high levels of biodiversity and is critical for human survival. |
| Keystone species | Species that keeps other species in check. |
| Invasive species | non-native plants, animals, or other organisms that can cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health |
| Pioneer community | the first biotic community to emerge in a bare area. |
| Niche | the functional role played by an organism in an ecosystem |
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