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Biology II Exam

QuestionAnswer
Blind Gut A primitive digestive system with only one opening for both ingestion and egestion.
Tube-within-a-tube A digestive system with two openings, allowing for a more efficient flow-through process.
Peristalsis Rhythmic, wave-like contractions of smooth muscle that propel food through the digestive tract.
Stomach A muscular sac-like organ involved in storage, mechanical breakdown of food, and initiation of protein digestion.
Small Intestine The part of the digestive tract where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs.
Large Intestine The final part of the digestive tract, responsible for water absorption and waste compaction.
Duodenum The first part of the small intestine, where food from the stomach mixes with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver.
Jejunum The middle section of the small intestine, primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
Ileum The final section of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing remaining nutrients and vitamin B12.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) A strong acid produced by the stomach that aids in digestion.
Nutrient Any substance taken in by an organism that is needed for survival, growth, development, maintenance, or reproduction.
Carbohydrase An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.
Lipase An enzyme that breaks down fats.
Protease An enzyme that breaks down proteins.
Pepsinogen The inactive precursor to pepsin, activated by hydrochloric acid.
Pepsin An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins.
Gallbladder An organ that stores and releases bile produced by the liver.
Liver An organ that produces bile, filters blood, and plays a crucial role in metabolism.
Pancreas An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin.
Chief Cells Cells in the stomach lining that secrete pepsinogen.
Parietal Cells Cells in the stomach lining that secrete hydrochloric acid.
Brush Border The surface of the small intestine's epithelial cells covered in microvilli, increasing surface area for absorption.
Microvilli Tiny projections on the surface of epithelial cells in the small intestine that further increase surface area for absorption.
Cloaca A chamber in some vertebrates that receives contents from the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts, with a single opening to the outside.
Egestion The elimination of undigested materials and other waste products from the body.
Lumen The inner space or cavity of a tubular structure, such as the alimentary canal.
Alimentary Canal The single elongated tube of the digestive system, with openings at both ends, responsible for digestion and absorption.
Which aren't apart of the alimentary canal? Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder
Which are apart of the alimentary canal? Mouth, Stomach, Large Intestine, Stomach, Small Intestine, Rectum, Anus
where digestion begins Mouth
Pharynx throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
Rectum A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated
Anus the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body.
Created by: ashlanskye
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