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DNA/Protein Synth

QuestionAnswer
Replication Process of copying DNA prior to cell division
Semiconservative Denoting a process in which the two products are each made of half of the original (as compared to two products where one is the original and the other is entirely new)
Transcription The process of converting DNA into RNA
Translation The process of reading a RNA code to synthesize a protein
Gene expression The act of reading the genetic code to produce a specific trait
Gene Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Codon Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis
Mutation Change in the genetic material of a cell
Phenotype Physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype Genetic makeup of an organism
Autosome Chromosome that plays no role in determining sex
Sex chromosome Chromosomes that determine an individual's sex
Polyploidy Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Complementary The act of pairing bases to their matching counterparts; for example, adenine matches with thymine
Created by: RTSifrit
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