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Exam 2 bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hershey and Chase | found that DNA copies and proteins don't |
| Watson and Crick | proposed idea of double helix |
| Franklin and Wilkins | made crystals and looked at them through x-rays. Found the structure of DNA |
| backbone of DNA | sugars and phosphates |
| phosphate | holds DNA structure together |
| deoxyribose | phosphates and sugar |
| Base | A, T, C, G |
| nucleotide | sugar, phosphate, base |
| purine | 2 carbon rings, A and G |
| pyrimidines | single carbon ring, C and T |
| hydrogen bond | holds DNA strands together in a double helix |
| covalent bonds | backbones |
| antiparrel | how the DNA structure is, allows for the backbone to go 5' to 3' and then 3' to 5' on the other side |
| Base pairs | A goes with T, C goes with G |
| lagging strand | 3' to 5', stops after |
| leading strand | 5' to 3', keeps synthesizing |
| DNA replication | DNA copies itself and creates more DNA strands |
| DNA polymerase | how DNA is copied, kind of like Velcro the way it allows things to be added to the strand. |
| helicase | unwinds DNA helix |
| DNA ligase | knits fragments back together |
| okazaki fragments | gaps in the DNA strand |
| replication fork | spot in DNA strand where the DNA can now be split and copied |
| Deletion | one less base |
| insertion | added base |
| substitution | one base is replaced by another base |
| inversion | takes sequence and moves it then inverts it like a mirror, sequence then reads backwards. |
| translocation | takes sequence and moves it |
| mutation | change in base of genetic code, mostly does nothing but can cause genetic disorders |
| mRNA | code of protein, messenger |
| rRNA | ribosomes are made up of this and protein |
| tRNA | transfer, moves the RNA from place to place |
| transcription | DNA to RNA |
| translation | RNA to protein |
| gene | basically, just DNA, daughter cells |
| gene product | information stored in a cell |
| genetic code | the sequence of proteins/nucleotides that are read to make up our DNA |
| codon | reads three bases at a time |
| anticodon | stop sequence, at the end of the code |
| start codon | AUG, it is a promoter |
| stop codon | UGA, UAA, UAG, terminator |
| promoter | start reading the sequence |
| RNA polymerase | reads a sequence then does what it says to do, copies, kind of like velcro, the way it adds more to the strand. |
| ribosome | code is read here |
| steps of transcription and translation | initiation, elongation, termination |
| introns | noncoding DNA sequence, they are spliced out |
| exons | coding region of a gene |
Created by:
Kileye
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