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Test 1 (24-25)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 4 steps to making a scale | 1) Count the boxes, 2) Identify the largest number you need to count to. 3) Divide largest number by the number of boxes. 4) round up to the next easiest number to count by |
| Active Transport | molecules being actively moved across the membrane by proteins, no ATP, uphill, uses a protein bridge |
| Aerobic Respiration | Requires oxygen to produce 36 ATP (energy molecules), takes place in the mitochondria, produces waste products of water and carbon dioxide |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without oxygen, produces 2 ATP (energy) takes place in the cytoplasm,produces, carbon dioxide, water and lactic acid as waste products |
| Assumption | Something accepted to be true but subject to change |
| ATP | A compound that stores energy in cells |
| Bias | A tendency to favor something: Prejudice |
| Blood | Substance in the body that transports materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and hormones. Part of the circulatory system |
| Blood glucose regualtion | Your bodies ability to maintain stable blood glucose concentrations |
| Body System | An system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. |
| Carbon dioxide | A gas molecule produced during cell respiration and used in photosynthesis to make glucose |
| Cellular respiration | The process in which nutrients are broken apart releasing the chemical energy stored in them |
| Circulation | The flow of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism |
| Circulatory system | Circulates materials around your body. This includes providing cells with nutrients like oxygen and glucose and transporting waste products and toxins like CO2 |
| CO2 and O2 regulation | Your bodies ability to maintain the proper concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Conculsion | A decision made about an outcome of an experiment |
| Control | a group in an experiment that does not recieve experimental conditions. EX; Your testing how light effects plant growh, a plant in normal light conditons is the control. A plant that gets no light is the experimental group |
| Data | results of a test that was completed during an experiment |
| Dependent Varible | the explerimental variable that is being measured. example: your doing an experiment measuring how light effects plant growth. The dependent variable in this case is how much the plant grows |
| Diabetes | A condition where the body is not producing or responding to insulin correctly. Type 1 is genetic and the pancreas stops producing insulin. Type 2 is developed over time the body stops responding to insulin |
| Digestive system | Breaks down food into its component parts so nutrients can be absorbed into cells |
| Dynamic equilibrium | The constant small corrections that normally occur to keep an organism internal environment within the limits needed for survival |
| Endocrine system | Works as a communication center organizing sending chemical signals known as hormones to coordinate body processes |
| Evidence | support for the idea that something is true |
| Excratory system | Removes toxic compounds from the body by filtering blood and excreting out the waste as urine |
| Excretion | The removal of all the wastes produced by the cells of the body |
| Experiment | A series of trials or tests that are done to support or refute a hypothesis |
| Feedback mechanism | A cycle in which an output of assistant either modifies or reinforces the first action taken by the system. |
| Gas Exchange | the process of bringing in and relasing gasses from the envrionment. Plants bring in CO2 and release O2 Animals bring in O2 and release CO2 |
| Glucagon | A hormone that causes the liver to release glucose resulting in an increse in blood sugar |
| Glucose | Organic molecule used by living things to make energy (ATP). Produced during Photosynthesis. (C6H12O6) |
| Graduated Cylinder | A tool for measuring the volume of a liquid |
| Guard Cells | Plant cells that are on the outside of the stomta thay control gas exchange. |
| Homeostasis | Sometimes called Dynamic Equlibrium. The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions |
| Hormone | A chemical produced in the endocrine system that send signals for cell communication during homeostasis |
| Hypothesis | a statement that predicts the outcome of an experiment |
| If a cell is placed in salt water does water enter or leave the cell? | Leaves the cell. Water goes toward the higher concentration of salt. |
| Immune System | The bodies system of defence. Made up of white blood cells, and antigens. |
| Independent varible | the experimental variable that is being changeed. Example: ex: your doing an experiment measuring how light effects plant growth. The independent variable in this case is how much light the plant gets |
| Inference | a conclusion based on observations |
| Insulin | Hormone produced by the pancreas that maintains the bodies blood sugar level. Insulin brings blood sugar down Glucogon brings blood sugar up |
| Integumentary system | Made up of mostly your skin separates the inside of your body from the outside. Provides protection from invaders like bacteria and parasites |
| Lactic Acid | A waste product produced during anaerobic respiration; usually the cause of muscle cramps after exercising. |
| Light microscope | A lab tool that is used to view tiny things |
| Magnification | The ability for a microscope to make an object appear larger |
| Metric ruler | a tool for measuring distance |
| Microscope | a tool for used to magnify an object |
| Mitochondria | THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL! it makes energy by turning glucose and oxygen into ATP. |
| Mitochondria | Uses sugar to make energy for the cell, site of cell respiration |
| Model | a represention used to explain a process or structure |
| Musculoskeletal system | Sometimes referred to sepearly as Muscle system and Skeletal systems they function together to provide the body with central structure the ability to move and serves to protectively house major organs |
| Negitive Feedback | Feedback that counteracts the stimulus and returns you to normal |
| Nervous system | Body control center Analyzes sensory information and sends signals to appropriate muscles in response. |
| Observation | any information that is collected with your senses |
| Opinion | an idea that someone has that may or may not be based in fact |
| Organ | Body structure made of tissues |
| Organ System | Several organs that work together to preform a major body function. (Digestive, Circulatory, Respriatory, Nervous, Endocrine, Reproductive, Integumentary, Muscloskeletal) |
| Osmoregulation | Your bodies ability to maintain the proper water balance |
| Osmosis | water crossing the cell membrane (water goes toward the salt), no ATP, downhill, no protein bridge |
| Oxygen | A gas molecule produced during photosynthesis and used in cell respiration to make ATP |
| Pancreas | Endocrine organ that makes insulin |
| Peer review | a process where scientists examine, the data and experimental design of each others work. |
| Positive Feedback | Feedback that produces more stimulus and pushes you further outside normal |
| Products | what is made or produced (outputs) |
| Products (imputs) of cellular respiration | CO2= Carbon dioxide, H20= water, ATP= Energy |
| Reactants | Raw materials (inputs) |
| Reactants (outputs) of cellular respiration | C6H12O6= Glucose, O2= Oxygen |
| Regulation | coordination and control of life functions. |
| Reserch Plan | Part of research process that involves finding backround information and designing an exeriment |
| Respiration | The cellular process of breaking down Glucose and Oxygen into Carbon dioxide and water to create energy in the form of ATP. Done by all things plants and animals, in the mitochondira C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP |
| Respiratory system | Exchanges gases with the environment. Obtains oxygen from the air necessary for cell respiration and releases CO2 back into the atmosphere |
| Scientific Literacy | a basic knowledge of the natural world and an understanding of how scientists gain knowledge |
| Sterosioscope | a microscope with two eye pieces used for dissections |
| Stimuli | A change in the envrionment to causes an orgnaism to react |
| Theory | An explination supported by many scientific observations and studies. (theory in science means something has TONS of support and if all but proven to be true) |
| Thermoreguation | Your bodies ability to maintain a stable internal temperature |
| Tissue | A group of specalized cells that preform a function |
| What are characteristics of a good experiment | can be repeated, has a large sample size or many test subjects, only tests one variable, is objective and unbias, follows legal and ethical standards |
| What are the other names used to explain homeostasis | Dynamic Equlibrium & Feedback mechanisims. |
| What controls a feedback mechanism | Hormones |
| What is normal human body temperature in degrees Farienheit and degrees Celcius? | 1.) 98.6 degrees F. 2.) 37 degrees C. |
| What types of living things carry out respiration | All living things require energy to function |
| When you combine glucose and oxygen what do you get? | H2O, CO2, ATP. |
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