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WGU Natural Science
WGU Integrated Natural Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most natural phenomena we wonder about | involve several scientific disciplines. |
| Wheras Aristotle relied on logic in explaining nature, Galileo relied on | experiments. |
| Science, art, and religion do not contradict each other because | all three have different domains. |
| If experimental findings are not reproducible, | the results are not considered valid. |
| In science, an educated guess is a | hypothesis. |
| If a free falling object were equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would increase each second by about | 10 m/s. |
| Using science to analyze nature | adds depth to our understanding and therfore adds to our appreciation of nature. |
| Science and technology are | related to each other, but not the same thing. |
| A kilogram is a measure of an object's | mass. |
| The statement, "There are regions below the Earth's crust that will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation," is a | speculation. |
| The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as scientific | theory. |
| 1 1-kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs | 10N. |
| What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 s? | 0 m/s2 |
| The scientific method is a method for | gaining new knowledge. |
| When distance between two charges is halved, the electrical force between the charges | quadrouples. |
| A proton and an electron are placed in an electrical field. Which undergoes the greatest acceleration? | electron |
| Electrons are made to flow in a wire when there is | a potential difference across its end. |
| Moving electric charges interact with | a magnetic and an electrical field. |
| Thrust a magnetic coil into a coil of wire and the coil | becomes an electromagnet and has a current in it. |
| If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is | twice the usual power output. |
| An object that has kinetic energy must be | moving. |
| Which has greater kinetic energy, a car traveling at 30 km/h or a car of half that mass traveling at 60 km/h? | The 60 km/h car. |
| When the distance between two stars decreases by half, the force between them | increases to four times as much. |
| Which force binds atoms together to form molecules? | electrical |
| To say that electrical charge has been conserved means that no case has ever been found where | net charge has been created or destroyed. |
| As more lamps are put into a series circuit, the overall current in the power source | decreases. |
| The headlights, radio, and defroster fan in an automobile are connected in | parallel. |
| If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do | twice as much work. |
| An ampere is a unit of electrical | current. |
| The force on an electron moving in a magnetic field will be largest when its direction is | perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. |
| An object is raised above the ground gaining a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high, it gains | twice as much potential energy. |
| According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the | greater the gravitational force between them. |
| Magnetic domains normally occur in | iron. |
| The solar system consists of objects | gravitationally bound to the Sun. |
| Consider a huge rotating cloud of particles in space that gravitate together to form an increasingly dense ball. As the cloud shrinks in size it rotates | faster. |
| A main difference between gravitational and electrical forces is that electrical forces | repel or attract. |
| The source of all magnetism is | moving electric charge. |
| The electrical forces between charges depends on the | seperation distance and magnitude of electric charges. |
| A flower pot of mass "m" falls from rest to the ground below, a distance "h". The KE of the pot when it hits the ground | is proportional to "h". |
| Current flows through a | circuit. |
| If you exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s, you will deliver a power of | 1 W. |
| Voltage can be induced in a wire by | changing the current in a nearby wire, moving a magnet near the wire, or moving the wire near a magnet. |
| The direction of a gravitational field is | in the same direction of gravitational attraction. |
| Charge carriers in a metal are electrons rather than protons because electrons are | loosely bound. |
| Thermal energy is a measure of vibrational and | rotational and translational kinetic energy. |
| Wave interference occurs for | sound, light, and water waves. |
| Sound travels fastest through | steel. |
| Refraction of sound can occur in | air and water. |
| Relative to ultraviolet waves, the wavelength of infrared waves is | longer. |
| The Mercalli scale measures the | damage done by the earthquake. |
| The movement of water in a wave travels | in a circular path and just below the surface. |
| The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction | along the direction of the wave. |
| For light, a red shift indicates the light source moves | away from you. |
| A sound source of high frequency emits a high | pitch. |
| Sound waves cannot travel in | a vacuum. |
| A sound wave is a | longitudinal wave. |
| The main difference between a radio wave and a light wave is its | frequency and |
| Light behaves as a particle when it | interacts with matter. |
| Earthquake P-waves | are longitudinal vibrations similar to sound waves. |
| In designing a music hall, an acoustical engineer deals mainly with | wave interference. |
| The source of all electromagnetic waves is | vibrating charges. |
| The vibrations of a transverse wave move in a direction | at right angles to the direction of wave travel. |
| Tsunami are caused usually by | earthquakes in subduction zones. |
| The source of all wave motion is a | vibrating object. |
| The Richter scale measures the earthquake's | magnitude. |
| Electromagnetic waves consist of | vibrating electric and magnetic fields. |
| The fastest seismic wave is a | primary wave. |
| In a swell, wavelength is constant. As a swell nears the shore and touches bottom, the wavelength | shortens, the wave speed slows, and the wave height increases. |
| The Richter scale measures the | amount the ground shakes during the Earthquake. |
| Which electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength? | X-rays |
| The photoelectric effect best demonstrates the | particle nature of light. |
| Compressions and rarefractions are characteristic of | longitudinal waves. |
| In both fission and fusion, mass | is changed to the form of kinetic energy. |
| Compared to the density of water, the density of Saturn is | less. |
| Asteroids that are most likely to fall to Earth with devastating impact are asteroids of the | inner solar system. |
| Thermonuclear fusion occurs mainly in the | cores of stars. |
| After our Sun burns its supply of hydrogen, it will become a | red giant. |
| The Hertsprung-Russel Diagram, an important tool to astronomers, relates stellar temperatures to stellar | brightness. |
| Stars on the main sequence of the Hertsprung-Russel diagram | generate energy by fusing hydrogen to helium. |
| Red giants are stars that | are large but have low surface temperatures. |
| White dwarfs are stars that | are small but have high surface temperatures. |
| An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is | an ion. |
| The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its | protons. |
| Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of | neutrons. |
| Which isotope is radioactive? | carbon-14 |
| Compared to the mass of a uranium nucleus before splitting, the pieces it splits into have | less mass. |
| Between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, radioactive by-products are more characteristic of nuclear | fission. |
| Why are the inner planets rocky? | They are formed from materials with high melting points. |
| Which planet is most tipped on its orbital plane? | Uranus. |
| A nucleon has more potential energy with respect to its nucleus when it is | outside the nucleus. |
| Which planet has a size similar to Earth? | Venus |
| the end result of radioactive decay can be a different | isotope, atom, or element. |
| Evidence of the Big Bang is the | long wavelength radiation that permeates the universe and slowing down of the galaxies as they recede. |
| A pulsar is likely a | spinning neutron star |
| The predominant gas in the atmosphere of Mars is | carbon dioxide |
| The temperature of a star is evidenced by its | color. |
| What is a black hole? | The remains of a giant collapsed star. |
| Energy released from the Sun results from the process wherin atomic nuclei | combine |
| The larger the nucleus, the greater its | instability. |
| Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contains | organic material. |
| Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to | push it apart. |
| A blue star is __________ than a red star. | hotter |
| The Nebular theory is based upon the observation that the solar system | is highly ordered, indicating it formed in a step-wise manner from physical processes. |
| Radiometric dating is based on | proportions of radioactive isotopes and their decay products. |
| The atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its | nucleons. |
| The Oort cloud is like the Kuiper Belt in that | has the same geometric shape. |
| The neon atoms tend NOT to gain any additonal electrons because | there is no room available in tis outermost occupied shell. |
| What type of chemical bond would you expect between two chlorine atoms? | nonpolar covalent |
| Earth's magnetic field is attributed to the | flow of molten fluid in the Earth's outer core. |
| A mineral that is not a silicate is | calcite. |
| Minerals that have strong bonds between flat cyrstal surfaces tend to | show poor cleavage. |
| Limestone may be made up of | shell fragments from marine animals. |
| The layered appearance of foliated metamorphic rock is due to the | realignment of minerals so that they are perpendicular to compressive forces. |
| Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath the Earth's surface are | metamorphic rocks. |
| What makes an element distinct? | the number of protons. |
| In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of | electrons. |
| If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is | helium |
| If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is | Neon |
| Where are metals found on the periodic table? | on the left and central portion. |
| When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas | releases energy. |
| What elements tend to form ionic compounds? | elements found on opposite sides of the periodic table. |
| What chemical bond would you have between calcium and chlorine? | Ionic |
| Both nitrogen and phosphorus are able to attract three more electrons to their outer shells because | these electrons are able to pair with unpaired valence electrons, have three spaces available and the nuclear charge attracts them. |
| Earth's layer with the most plastic like behavior is | the mantle. |
| Is the air in your house homogeneous or heterogeneous? | heterogenous because of the dust particles it contains. |
| Some _________ rocks were made from minerals dissolved in water. | sedimentary |
| What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? | The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together. |
| Continental crust is very bouyant compared with oceanic crust because continental crust is | predominantly composed of granitic rock, wheras oceanic crust is composed of basaltic rock. |
| One DNA strand has a sequence of CAGTC. The opposite strand has a sequence of | GTCAG |
| If DNA is described as resembling a ladder in structure, the "sides" of the ladder consist of ________ and the "rungs" consist of _____________. | sugar; phosphate |
| The lithosphere includes | part of the mantle and the crust, continental and oceanic crust. |
| The outer electrons of metal atoms differ from the outer electrons of nonmetal atoms in that the outer electrons of metal atoms | reflect many frequencies of light, can conduct electricity, and are loosely held. |
| The Mohorovicic discountinuity marks the change in rock density between | the mantle and the crustal surface. |
| The upper mantle can be divided into two zones, the | asthenosphere in the lower upper mantle and lithosphere in the upper part of the upper mantle. |
| The mantle is composed of | iron-rich silicate rocks. |
| Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does that mean that oxygen, O2, water, and H20 have similar properties? | No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they are made. |
| How would you differientiate a sodium vapor street lamp and a mercury vapor street lamp? | Look at the street lamps through a spectroscope and match their spectral patterns to their respective atomic spectra. |
| Erosion is | transportation of rock particles via wind, water, or ice. |
| The Earth's core is made up of | iron and nickel. |
| The basic building block of all silicate minerals is the | silicate tetrahedron. |
| Covalent and ionic bonds differ in that | ionic bonds don't involve the sharing of electrons. |
| Most mountains are caused by | compressive forces |
| The principle cause of erosion and transportation of sediment in the desert is | wind. |
| A rock that is readily attacked by chemical weathering is | limestone |
| The typical mountain valley that has been subjected to glaciation is shaped like | the letter "U" |
| A moraine is | a glacier deposit. |
| The glass on a greenhouse allows | ultraviolet light to enter, and traps the longer waves. |
| The trophosphere is | the lowest layer and thickest, where weather occurs. |
| Alfred Wegener supported his theory of continental drift by | making connections between rocks, rock structures, and plant and animal fossils found in both Africa and South America. |
| The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by | paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean floor. |
| The theory of plate tectonics states | the lithosphere is broken up into several plates that move about as a result of convective motion in the athenosphere. |
| Fault block mountains are produced by | tensional forces and movement of sections of rock along fault planes. |
| Divergent boundaries are areas of | tensional forces that stretch the crust and generate a spreading center. |
| Convergent boundaries are | regions of plate collision, mountain building, and subduction zones. |
| The layers of the Earth's atmosphere are | trophosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. |
| Land subsidence is not reversible because | the compacted clay layers cannot be expanded. |
| A drop in barometric pressure indicates | a stationary front. |
| Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because | mountains are the result of plate convergence - plates coming together. |
| According to the theory of seafloor spreading, molten rock is rising up along | subsiding divergent margins. |
| Transform faults are areas of crustal | accomodation and plate movement. |
| What percent of energy at one trophic level becomes available at the next level? | 10% |
| Permanently frozen subsoil characterizes | tundra |
| Biodiversity is believed to be the greatest when a habitat experiences | regular disturbances that are not too extreme. |
| Fertile soils are found in | deserts and temperate grasslands. |
| Wind is generated in response to | temperature differences, pressure differences, and the unequal heating of the earth's surface. |
| Which trophic level do plant eating antelope belong to? | primary consumers |
| Which trophic level do meat-eating lions belong to? | secondary consumers |
| Carbon moves from the abiotic world to the biotic world when | plants build glucose during photosynthesis. |
| The biotic and abiotic resources a species uses is called its | niche. |
| When an Egyptiona plover cleans the teeth of a crocodile, we see an example of | mutualism. |
| The primary driving force of the Earth's weather is | solar radiation. |
| The reactants in the overal chemical equation of photosynthesis are | carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. |
| Fungi that consume dead organic matter are | decomposers. |
| Oceanice phytoplankton are found in the | photic zone. |
| A dense canopy of trees, little leaf litter, and poor soil characterizes | tropical forests. |
| Almost all the Earth's supply of energy comes from | the Sun. |
| The relationship between a leech and the animal it feeds off of is an example of | symbiosis and parasitism. |
| All the organisms that live in a given area, plus the abiotic features that make up their environment, make up an | ecosystem. |
| The three domains of life are | bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. |
| Bacteria can possess any of the following traits except | mitochondria. |
| An example of artifical selection is | breeding of corn from tesonite. |
| A swim bladder is found in | ray-finned fish. |
| True or False: Fungi include both unicellular and multicellular forms. | True. |
| Under the cladistic classification system, organisms are grouped together based on their | evolutionary history. |
| An example of an autotrophic protist is | kelp. |
| The scientific name of a species is | always Latinized and consists of the genus name and the species name. |
| Archaea cannot be an | eukaryote. |
| Natural selection may favor traits that help organisms | acquire mates, survive, and successfully raise offpsring. |
| Animals that have only a single body opening that serves as both the mouth and anus are | cnidarians and flatworms. |
| Humans are | heterotrophs. |
| Blood flowing back to the heart travels in | veins. |
| The organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plant cells are | chloroplasts. |
| Blood in the left ventricle of the heart will be pumped to | arteries going to body tissues. |
| During which process is most ATP generated? | electron transport |
| Which stage of the cell cycle does the cell divide? | mitosis |
| A mutation in which one nucleotide is subsituted for another is called | point mutation. |
| From which blood vessels are materials exchanged between blood and body tissues? | capillaries. |
| Carbo dioxide moves from the bloodstream to the alveoli through the process of | diffusion. |
| Urine flows from the bladder out of the body through the | urethra. |
| During the inflammatory response, | damaged tissues release histamines and fluid leaks from capillaries causing swelling. |
| A ph of 7 signifies | A neutral soultion. |
| During glycolysis, | sugar is split and ATP is generated. |
| A prokaryotic cell could potentially have | a cell wall. |
| Water moves in and out of cells through | diffusion. |
| Nucleic acids | store genetic information in living organisms. |
| A sodium-potassium pump provides an example of | active transport. |
| Codons that signal that there are no amino acids in a protein are | stop codons. |
| What form of transport across the cell membrane does not require energy, but does require a carrier protein? | facilitated diffusion. |
| From the glomerulus, the filtrate moves into the | Bowman's capsule. |
| What occurs in the loop of Henle? | Water reabsorption. |
| What would produce a frameshift mutation? | The insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene-coding sequence. |
| The heart is an example of | an organ. |
| Energy is required to break apart a chemical bond to overcome | electrical forces of attraction. |
| If an organism's diploid cells have 40 chromosomes, then its haploid cells have | 20 chromosomes. |
| The cells that allow the immune system to respond more quickly to an antigen when it is encountered again later in life are called | memory cells. |
| The difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction is that an exothermic reaction | has energy as a product and an endothermic reaction has energy as a reactant. |
| One difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that | prokaryotic cells have existed on the Earth for far longer than eukaryotic cells. |
| A highly acidic mix of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes is added to food in the | stomach. |
| Neorons that carry messages from the central nervous system to muscle cells or to other responsive organs are called | motor neurons. |
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