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Science Unit 2 Vocab

TermDefinition
Natural Selection The process by which organisms with traits that are favorable in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing these traits to their offspring.
Mutation A change in the DNA sequence that can introduce new traits in an organism; mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.
Adaptation A trait that has evolved through natural selection, allowing an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Trait A specific characteristic of an organism, such as eye color or beak size, which can be influenced by genes and can be passed from parents to offspring.
Evolution The gradual change in species over time through processes like natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift.
Population A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed.
Genetic Variation Differences in DNA among individuals within a population; it is essential for natural selection as it provides material for evolutionary change.
Selection The process in which certain traits become more or less common in a population due to their impact on survival and reproduction.
Homologous Structures Structures in different species that are similar due to a shared evolutionary origin, like the forelimbs of humans and whales.
Analogous Structures Structures in different species that serve similar functions but do not have a common evolutionary origin, like the wings of bats and insects.
Vestigial Structures Structures that have lost their original function through evolution, such as the hind limb bones in whales and pythons.
Biogeography The study of the geographical distribution of species and ecosystems, which provides evidence of evolution through patterns of species spread and separation.
Common Ancestor An ancestral species from which different species have evolved.
Convergent Evolution The process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits independently, often due to similar environmental pressures, like the streamlined bodies of sharks and dolphins.
Divergent Evolution The process by which two or more related species become increasingly different due to adaptation to different environments.
Survival of the Fittest The idea that individuals best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, spreading advantageous traits through the population.
Fitness The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce, contributing to the gene pool of the next generation.
Fossil Record Layers of rock containing preserved remains or imprints of organisms, providing evidence for how species have changed over time.
Embryology The study of embryos and their development, which can show similarities among species that provide evidence of common ancestry.
Extinction The permanent loss of all members of a species when it fails to survive and reproduce.
Antibiotic Resistance The ability of bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics due to evolutionary changes, often caused by overuse of antibiotics.
Selective Pressure Any factor in the environment that influences the survival and reproductive success of an organism, like predation or food availability.
Speciation The formation of a new species when populations diverge enough genetically to no longer interbreed.
Gene Pool The combined genetic information of all individuals within a population, representing the diversity of alleles (versions of genes).
Phenotype The observable traits or characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.
Created by: user-1892648
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