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Ch. 4 Biology
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| plant cells use this energy | light energy |
| these factors affect photosynthesis | amount of sunlight, temperature, and CO2 in the air |
| anaerobic & occurs in the cytoplasm; starts with glucose, ends with 2 pyruvate molecules (pyruvic acid), 4 ATP, and 2 NADH molecules | glycolysis |
| uses oxygen, occurs in the mitochondria, and produces 38 ATP | aerobic |
| no oxygen, occurs in muscles, and produces both lactic acid & 2 ATP | anaerobic |
| equation for photosynthesis | carbon dioxide (CO₂) + water (H₂O) + sunlight (N/A) = glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) + oxygen (O₂) |
| equation for cellular respiration | glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) + 6 oxygen's (6O₂) → 6 carbon dioxide's (6CO₂) + 6 water's (6H₂O) |
| equation for glucose | C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| equation for oxygen | O₂ |
| equation for carbon dioxide | CO₂ |
| equation for water | H₂O |
| most of the energy on earth comes from here | the sun |
| these organisms carry out photsynthesis | autotrophs; plants, algae, and *some* bacteria |
| this is what happens to the energy when a phosphate is removed from ATP | the energy turns into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) |
| this is what happens to the energy when a phosphate is added to ADP | the energy turns to ATP (energy) |
| plants are green because... | plants use all visible light except green |
| process in which sugar is turned into energy; process breaks down food molecules to release stored energy | cellular respiration |
| glycolysis and the krebs cycle are the 2 major... | steps of cellular respiration |
| products of the krebs cycle | 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP, CO2 |
| this is produced when cells lack oxygen (anaerobic) | lactic acid |
| this is what chlorophyll does in the first stage of photosynthesis | absorbs sunlight |
| the amount of phosphates in ADP | 2 |
| yeast and bacteria are capable of turning glucose into ethyl alcohol | alcohol fermentation |
| process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy | photosynthesis |
| the major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis; cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of this element | oxygen |
| takes place when a lack of oxygen is present; example is fermentation | anaerobic respiration |
| this source of oxygen is created during photosynthesis | water (H₂O) |
| glycolysis ends with 2 of these | pyruvates |
| when a phosphate is removed from ATP, what happens | a substantial amount of energy is released |
| plant cells use light energy to make ATP and this molecule (provides electrons for the second stage of photosynthesis) | NADPH |
| these are the small chloroplasts inside of the chloroplasts that absorb energy | thylakoids |
| these are capable of alcoholic fermentation | yeast & bacteria |
| stage one of photosynthesis is either light | dependent or independent |
| products of stage 1 of photosynthesis, needed for the second stage | ATP & NADPH |
| stage two of photosynthesis | calvin cycle |
| this is where the light independent reactions occur | stroma |
| this is where the krebs cycle takes place | matrix of mitochondria |
| this is how many NADH molecules are made in the krebs cycle | 6 |
Created by:
ClayU36
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