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Unit 5 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
RNA Ribonucleic Acid; a single stranded molecule; three types are involved in the translation process of protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
Transcription occurs in the nucleus; the process of copying the code of DNA onto a mRNA strand
mRNA messenger RNA; brings the code of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosomes
Translation occurs at the ribosomes; the process of reading codons to create proteins
tRNA transfer RNA; carries anticodons and amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
Codon a group of 3 nucleotides which codes for 1 amino acid; found on mRNA
Peptide Bond hold amino acids together to form a protein
Polypeptide a chain of amino acids held together by peptide bond
Substitution/Point Mutation a substitution of a single base with another.
Frameshift Mutation insertion or deletion of nucleotides causing a change in protein synthesis.
Deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene
Addition changes the DNA sequence by inserting at least one nucleotide in a gene
Mutation Change in the code of DNA which effects protein synthesis. Source of genetic variation (differences). Completely random and spontaneous. Can be positive, negative, or neutral (cause no effect)
Created by: MsLowery
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