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Auditory Evoked
Audiology Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nuclei | Cluster of Cell Bodies |
| Nerve | Cluster of Axons |
| Neurons have an "____________" | All or nothing response |
| Neurons either send a ________ or they don't | Signal (fire) |
| When Neurons fire, they send an? | Electrical signal |
| Axon terminal communicates with neighboring ___________ | Cell Dendrite |
| In the Auditory System, this series of neural communication initiates at the ____________ and ends at the __________. | IHC/auditory nerve, auditory cortex. |
| Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) | Electrical Signal generated by auditory neurons in response to sound stimulation |
| What does the Auditory Evoked Potential do? | Reflects the electrophysiological function of a specific region in Central Auditory pathway |
| Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP) are illustrated by? | Waveforms that show a potential change |
| Potential | Unit of electricity |
| Electrodes | Measure neural activity from central auditory pathway in response to sound stimulus |
| Surface electrodes | Placed on the skin |
| Canal electrodes (tip trodes) | Placed in ear canal |
| Tympanic electrodes | Placed on or through the TM |
| Are tympanic electrodes commonly used clinically? | No |
| When stimulating the auditory system, patients listen to serious of ________ or ________ presentations. | Click, tone. |
| When stimulating the auditory system, the neural response is detected with ___________, ___________, then displayed as a ___________ | Electrodes, averaged, waveform. |
| AEPs are an __________ measure - _______ response from patient required. | Objective, no. |
| Each waveform represents a different _________ or _______ in the central auditory system. | Nuclei, stop. |
| Waveforms with longer latencies represent? | Auditory nuclei that are higher in the central pathway. |
| Latency | Time |
| It takes longer for the signal to reach higher ______________? | Auditory nuclei |
| What is the central auditory pathway? | • 1- Auditory Nerve (Spiral Ganglion Neuron) • 2- Cochlear Nucleus (CN) • 3- Superior Olivary Complex (SOC) • 4- Lateral Lemniscus • 5- Inferior Colliculus (IC) • 6- Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) • 7- Auditory Cortex (AC) |
| There are multiple AEPs, we group them into? | Cluster based on their latencies (time after stimulus). |
| Name the four types of AEPs. | 1. Electrocochleography (EcochG) 2. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) 3. Middle Latency Response (MLR) 4. Long Latency Response (LLR) |
| How many milliseconds are in Electrocochleography (EcochG)? | 5 msec |
| How many milliseconds are in Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)? | 10 msec |
| How many milliseconds are in Middle Latency Response (MLR)? | 50 msec |
| How many milliseconds are in Long Latency Response (LLR)? | 250 msec |
| The Electrocochleography (EcochG) is composed of what three different measures? | • Summating Potential (SP) • Cochlear Microphonic (CM) • Compound Action Potential (CAP) |
| Summating Potential (SP) | Direct potential (DC) primarily representing function of IHCs. |
| Cochlear Microphonic (CM) | Potential change that primarily represents function of OHCs. |
| Compound Action Potential (CAP) | Potential changes that represents activity from the auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve) |
| Compound Action Potential (CAP) is the same as __________ of the ABR. | Wave I |
| Clinical Utility of Electrocochleography (EcochG)? | • Meniere's Disease • Auditory Neuropathy • Cochlear Synaptopathy |
| Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is the most common ________ used clinically. | Auditory Evoked Potentials. |
| Wave I | Auditory Nerve |
| Wave II | Cochlear Nucleus |
| Wave III | Superior Olivary Complex |
| Wave IV | Lateral Lemniscus |
| Wave V | Inferior Colliculus |
| ABR is used clinically for what two diagnostic purposes? | • Neurodiagnostic ABR • Threshold ABR |
| Neurodiagnostic ABR | High intensity click measures the integrity of the auditory brainstem pathway. |
| Threshold ABR | Measures softest sound that evoked the presence of Wave V – Can be used to fit hearing aids in children. |
| Middle Latency Response has two _________ that can be measured, but their origin remains somewhat ________ | Waveforms, unclear. |
| NA - | Pa |
| NB - | Pb |
| Most believe that the MLR is generated by a combination of neural projects extending to the _________ (i.e. MGB > AC) and the __________ itself | Auditory cortex, auditory cortex itself |
| What is the clinical utility of middle latency response | Possibly useful in Auditory Processing Disorder |
| The Late Latency Response is Highly dependent on? | The patient's attention |
| Late Latency Response is absent during? | Sleep |
| Late Latency Response is not fully developed until age _____. The auditory system is not fully ________ until this point. | 10, myelinated |
| Late Latency Response consists of one large ________, such as ______-_____ | Waveform, N1-P2. |
| What are three Late Latency Response clinical utilities? | • Auditory Processing Disorder • Threshold Estimation • Normal auditory neural maturation |
| What are three clinical applications of EchochG? | • Diagnosing Auditory Neuropathy • Diagnosing Meniere’s Disease • Cochlear Synaptopathy ? |
| What are five clinical applications of ABR? | • Newborn Hearing Screenings • Auditory Neuropathy • Acoustic Neuromas • Pure-Tone ABR audiogram – fitting hearing aids • Intraoperative Monitoring |
| What are two clinical applications of MLR and LLR? | • Little clinical utility as of now (Auditory Processing Disorder ?) • Could be useful in future clinical practices |
Created by:
RachelJClark
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