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Nucleic Acids

QuestionAnswer
What is DNA? Blueprint for life Double stranded helix Chromosomes 3 forms: B-DNA, A-DNA, and Z-DNA
What is RNA? Copy of DNA Blueprint for proteins Single stranded -3 forms: mRNA,tRNA, and tRNA
What are the components of nucleic acids? a sugar, phosphate and base
What is a nucleotide? The functional form of a nucleic acid, is charged and can carry 1,2 or 3 phosphates
What is a nucleoside? Form of a nucleic acid that does not have a phosphate attached
DNA vs. RNA RNA has uracil, not thymine Both form helices DNA is double stranded -RNA is single stranded -5' position holds phosphate groups -3' position OH bonds to phosphate
What are the 4 ribonucleosides? Adenosine Guanosine Uridine Cytidine
What are the 4 ribonucleotides? Adenylate(AMP) Guanylate(GMP) Uridylate(UMP) -Cytidylate(CMP)
What are the 4 deoxyribonucleosides? Deoxyadenosine Deoxyguanosine Deoxythimidine Deoxycytidine
What are the 4 deoxyribonucleotides? Deoxyadenylate(dAMP) Deoxyguanylate(dGMP) Deoxythymidylate(dTMP) -Deoxycytidylate(dCMP)
Define Central Dogma? How we process DNA How we get cellular processes Cellular replication -Cell division
What are genes? DNA in compact form(chromosomes) Gene sequence gives us proteins Mixture of DNA and proteins(histones)
What are the "violations" of Central Dogma? Discontinuous nature of eukaryotic genes(exons and introns) Reverse transcriptase(some viruses such as HIV; deliver RNA--> makes DNA) Enzymatic activity of RNA(rRNA is also an enzyme)
Polymerase Chain Reaction Outside or inside the cell Polymerase= enzyme Performs transcription Amplifes number of copies for specific regions Allows study of segment and its effect on the cell
Watson-Crick Double Helix Rotates around central axis Winds around each other Has major and minor grooves 2 strands are antiparallel
What is B-DNA? Is the Watson & Crick model Standard configuration Very flexible Propeller twisting of base pairs Right handed Major and minor grooves
What is A-DNA? Compact form of DNA Dehydrated Less flexible Sugar pucker-reduces flexibility
What is Z-DNA? Left handed
Higher order structue of DNA Super coiling :circular DNA :compacts DNA Chromosomes :proteins-histones :allow DNA to wrap around :multiple histones linked :compact complex structure
Higer order RNA structure tRNA Secondary :helices :loops and stems :stabilized by proper base pairs Tertiary :3 dimensional folding :analogous to tertiary protein rRNA
What are the five bases? Adenine(A) Guanine(G) Cytosine(C) Thymine(T) Uracil(U)-only in RNA
What bases are pyrimidines? Cytosine and Thymine
What bases are purines? Adenine and Guanine
rRNA(ribosomal RNA) Loops Some structural Some active sites rRNA=enzyme Secondary and tertiary structure More complex than tRNA
What are restriction endonucleases? Enzymes that cut DNA at palendromic sequence AT TA
What is DNA ligase? An enzyme that seals DNA nicks
Created by: hu0ngerz
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