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Rhodes Chapter 4

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Pangaea a single large landmass made of all the continents joined together about 245 million years ago
continental drift suggests that continents are in constant motion on the surface of Earth
fossils the preserved remnants or evidence of past living organisms
superposition the principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom
(theory of) plate tectonics states that Earth's surface is divided into large plates of rigid rocks that move with respect to each other
mid-ocean ridges mountain ranges in the middle of the oceans
seafloor spreading the process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid-ocean ridge and older oceanic crust moves away from the ridge
magnetic reversal the process by which Earth's magnetic field reverses direction
tectonic plates large pieces of lithosphere
asthenosphere the plastic layer within the mantle
lithosphere the rigid outermost layer of Earth that includes the uppermost mantle and crust
divergent plate boundary a location where two plates move away from each other
ocean basin the land surface under the ocean
convergent plate boundary a location where two plates collide with each other
subduction the process in which a denser tectonic plate sinks below a more buoyant plate
volcano a vent in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows
hot spot a column of mantle that is hotter than the surrounding material
ocean trenches deep canyons in the sea floor
transform plate boundary a location where two plate slide past each other
earthquakes the vibrations in the ground that result from the movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere
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