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enzymes
chapter 8- exam 3- enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are enzymes | Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body |
| What do enzymes do | speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. |
| What molecules make up enzymes | proteins |
| Describe the active site on enzymes | where substrates bind and reactions occur, shaped perfectly for its specific substrate. |
| What is the unique properties of enzymes | distinctive attributes that set something apart from others |
| What takes place in the active site on enzymes | substrates bind and undergo a chemical reaction, transforming into products |
| describe the catalytic cycle of enzymes | substrates bind to the active site, undergo a reaction to form products, which are then released, resetting the enzyme for another cycle |
| What does it mean for enzymes to be recycled | they can be reused in multiple reactions without being consumed. |
| Define the energy of activation of chemical reactions | the minimum energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction |
| How do enzymes influence this energy of activation | lower the energy of activation, making chemical reactions occur more easily and rapidly. |
| Describe cofactors used by some enzymes | non-protein molecules or ions that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions efficiently. |
| What happens to cofactor when enzymes are not present | enzymes that rely on these cofactors may lose their activity and stability |
| What are the three cofactors used by some enzymes | metal ions, coenzymes, prosthetic groups |
| What effect does enzyme concentration have on enzyme activity | speeds up the reaction until substrate becomes the limiting factor |
| What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity | increases enzyme activity up to an optimal point, but excessive heat denatures the enzyme, reducing its function |
| What effect does pH have on enzyme activity | alters their structure, with each enzyme having an optimal pH range for peak function |
| Describe what it means for enzymes to be regulated by the cell | controlling their activity through inhibitors, activators, gene expression, and feedback loops to maintain balance. |
| What is competitive inhibitors | block substrates by binding to the enzyme's active site, preventing the substrate from attaching |
| What is noncompetitive inhibitors | bind to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, reducing its activity without directly blocking substrate binding |
| define allosteric enzymes | activity is regulated by the binding of molecules at sites other than the active site, causing a conformational change |
| latin definition to help remember allosteric | allo = other, steric = site |
| how are allosteric enzymes different from other enzymes | they have regulatory sites that allow molecules to bind elsewhere, changing the enzyme’s activity |
| how can they be allosterically inhibited | a molecule binds to a site other than the active site, causing a conformational change that reduces the enzyme's activity |
| define feedback inhibition | a process where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved early in the pathway to regulate its own production |
Created by:
josie_d
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